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Head (anatomy) > Pharyngeal/brachial Apparatus > Flashcards

Pharyngeal/brachial Apparatus Flashcards

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1
Q

Pharyngeal apparatus is AKA

A

Brachial apparatus meaning gills

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2
Q

When does the brachial apparatus starts developing

A

Embryonic day 22

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3
Q

What is the brachial apparatus involved in developing

A

Cephalon end and face of embryo

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4
Q

Lateral wall of the developing pharyngeal gut forms

A

Brachial system/ apparatus

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5
Q

What are the former components of the pharyngeal apparatus

A

PAMG
Pharyngeal
Pouches
Arches
Membranes
Grooves

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6
Q

What is branchial apparatus involved in developing

A

Cephalon end and face of an embryo

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7
Q

Components of pharyngeal apparatus

A

Pharyngeal arches
Pharyngeal pouches
Pharyngeal membrane
Pharyngeal grooves

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8
Q

I’m humans
Arch 1-4
Arch 5
Arch6 are

A

Present
Absent
Transient

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9
Q

First pharyngeal arch is called

A

Mandibular arch

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10
Q

What are pharyngeal arches

A

Masses of mesoderm covered by ectoderm and lined by endoderm

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11
Q

Pharyngeal clefts or

A

Pharyngeal grooves

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12
Q

What are the structures that develop from pharyngeal arches

A

Muscles
Skeletal components
Aortic arches
Nerve components

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13
Q

Where the ectoderm and endoderm layer meets is called the

A

Buccopharyngeal membrane (future mouth)

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14
Q

First pharyngeal arch separates into 2 prominences which are

A

Maxillary and mandibular prominences

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15
Q

1st pharyngeal pouch gives rise to

A

Auditory tube (eustachian tube) and tympanic cavity (distal ear or middle ear)

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16
Q

1st pharyngeal groove gives rise to

A

External auditory meatus (external ear canal) and the epithelium that covers it

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17
Q

1st pharyngeal groove arch gives rise to what muscles

A

I medial and lateral pterygoid
Massetter
Temporalis
Anterior belly of digastric
Mylohyoid
Tensor tympani
Tensor veli palatini

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18
Q

What type of ossification does the maxilla undergo

A

Intramembranous just like other cranial bones

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19
Q

What type of smossification does the mandible undergo

A

Cartilaginous

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20
Q

What does the maxilla process of 1st pharyngeal arch give rise to

A

Maxilla
Zygomatic bone
Squamous part of temporal bone

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21
Q

What does the mandible process of 1st pharyngeal arch give rise to

A

Cartilages
Mekels Cavity
Malleus and incus
(which later become bone)

Mandible

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22
Q

The derivatives of 1st pharyngeal arch is innervated by what

A

Trigeminal nerve CN V (V2 and V3 branches)

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23
Q

What are the ligaments that 1st pharyngeal arch give rise to

A

Anterior ligament of malleus and sphenomandibular ligament

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24
Q

2nd pharyngeal arch is called

25
1st pharyngeal aortic arch gives rise to what artery
Maxillary artery
26
When does the 2nd pharyngeal arch enlarge and overgrown the 3rd and the 4th arch
During the 5th week
27
2nd aortic arch gives rise to
Stapedial artery Hyoid artery
28
What muscles develop from 2nd pharyngeal arch
Muscles of facial expression (frontalis, occipitalis, platysma, buccinator, auriculris, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis orbis) Stapedius Stlohyoid Posterior belly of digastric muscles
29
The derivatives of 2nd pharyngeal arch is innervated by
Fascial nerve CN VII
30
What ligament does the 2nd pharyngeal arch give rise to
Stylohyoid ligament
31
What skeletal structure does the 2nd pharyngeal arch give rise to
Stapes (portion) Styloid process Lesser Cornu and upper portion of the body of the hyoid bone
32
3rd pharyngeal arch gives rise to what muscles
Stylopharyngeus muscle
33
3rd pharyngeal arch give rise to what skeletal structure
Greater Cornu and lower portion of the body of the hyoid bone
34
Derivatives of. 3rd pharyngeal arch is innervated by what nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX
35
3rd aortic arch gives rise to what artery
Internal carotid me artery (most proximal portion)
36
Muscles of the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arch are innervated by
4th - superior laryngeal branch of vagus nerve 6th - recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve
37
Cartilages of the 4th and 6th arch fuses to form
Larynx except for epiglottis
38
Muscles derived from the 4th pharyngeal arch are
Cricothyroid Lavatory veli palatini Constrictor muscles of the pharynx.
39
Muscles derived from the 6th pharyngeal arch are
Intrinsic muscles of the larynx Striated muscle of the oesophagus Arytenoid
40
Skeletal structures derived from the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arch are
C3AT Cricoid Arytenoid Corniculate Cuneiform Thyroid cartilages All fuse to form laryngeal cartilage
41
4th aortic arch gives rise to
Right subclavian artery Aorta
42
The cartilage of the epiglottis is derived from
Mesenchyne of the hypopharyngeal eminence (a prominence in the floor of the embryonic pharynx that is derived from the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arches
43
How does the pharyngeal pouches develop
Craniocaudally between the arches
44
What separates the pharyngeal pouches from the grooves?
Pharyngeal membrane
45
What does 2nd pharyngeal pouch give rise to
Palatine tonsil Suoratonsillar fossa (a component of palatine tonsil)
46
At approximately —— weeks, a messenchyme of the second pharyngeal pouch differentiates into
20 weeks Lymphoid tissue
47
What does 3rd pharyngeal pouch give rise to
Has ventral and dorsal pouch Ventral pouch- Thymus Dorsal pouch - inferior parathyroid gland
48
When does the epithelium of the the dorsal pet of each 3rd pharyngeal arch differentiate to form the inferior path gland
6th week
49
In the 3rd pharyngeal pouch Inferior parathyroid gland, first loses, connection with what then what
Pharynx Thymus
50
Why pharyngeal pouches have both ventral and dorsal pouch
3rd and 4th
51
The ventral and dorsal of 4th pharyngeal pouch gives rise to
Untimobranchial body incorporated with thyroid gland gives rise to C cells (parafollicular cells). These C cells secrete calcitonin to regulate calcium metabolism Superior parathyroid gland
52
When does the epithelium of the the dorsal part of each 4th pharyngeal arch differentiate to form the superior parathyroid gland
6th week
53
When does the pharyngeal grooves or clefts separates the arches externally
During 4th and 5th weeks
54
When does the 2nd and 4th pharyngeal grooves disappear giving the neck a smooth contour
End of 7th week
55
What does the 1st pharyngeal membrane give rise to
Tympanic membrane (only the 1st pharyngeal membrane gives rise to an adult structure)
56
Persistence of the pharyngeal grooves and pouch causes what anomaly
Brachial cyst, sinus or fistula
57
Piriform sinus fistula
Check slide
58
Why is blood-thymus barrier
Is the functional and selective barrier separating T- lymphocytes from blood and cortical capillaries in the cortex of the thymus
59
What are the 3 constrictor of the pharynx
Superior, middle, inferior constrictor of the pharynx

Head (anatomy) (19 decks)

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