Pharynx

Question 1

pharynx

Answer 1

muscular tube connecting oral and nasal cavity to larynx and oesophagus

Question 2

beginning and end

Answer 2

begins at base of the skull

ends at inferior border of cricoid cartilage (C6)

Question 3

parts of pharynx

Answer 3

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

Question 4

location of nasopharynx

Answer 4

between base of skull and soft palate. continuous with nasal cavity

Question 5

function of nasopharynx

Answer 5

condition inspired air and propagate it into the larynx

Question 6

lining and content of nasopharynx

Answer 6

respiratory epithelium: ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium w/ goblet cells
posterosuperior nasopharynx contains adenoid tonsils

Question 7

oropharynx location

Answer 7

between soft palate and superior border of epiglottis

Question 8

oropharynx contents

Answer 8

posterior 1/3 of tongue
lingual tonsils - lymphoid tissue at base of tongue
palatine tonsils - lymphoid tissue located in tonsillar fossa
superior constrictor muscle

Question 9

waldeyer’s ring

Answer 9

ring of lymphoid tissue in naso and oropharynx formed by paired palatine tonsils, adenoid tonsils and lingual tonsil

Question 10

laryngopharynx location

Answer 10

between superior border of epiglottis and inferior border of cricoid cartilage (C6). continuous inferiorly with oesophagus
posterior to larynx

Question 11

communication of larynx and laryngopharynx

Answer 11

via laryngeal inlet, lateral to piriform fossae

Question 12

laryngopharynx contents

Answer 12

middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors

Question 13

two groups of pharyngeal muscles and their innervation

Answer 13

longitudinal and circular
vagus nerve
stylopharyngeus - glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 14

circular muscles

Answer 14

superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors

incomplete muscular circle as they attach anteriorly to neck structures

Question 15

contraction of circular muscles

Answer 15

sequentially, from superior to inferior to constrict lumen

Question 16

superior pharyngeal constrictor location, origin and insertion

Answer 16

oropharynx
originates from pterygomandibular ligament, alveolar process of mandible and medial pterygoid plate and pterygoid hamulus of sphenoid bone
inserts posteriorly into pharyngeal tubercle of occiput and median pharyngeal raphe

Question 17

middle pharyngeal constrictor location, origin and insertion

Answer 17

laryngopharynx
originates from stylohyoid ligament and horns of hyoid bone
inserts posteriorly pharyngeal raphe

Question 18

inferior pharyngeal constrictor location, origins and insertion

Answer 18

laryngopharynx
superior component (thyropharyngeus): oblique fibres attaching to thyroid cartilage
inferior component (cricopharyngeus): horizontal fibres attaching to cricoid cartilage

Question 19

what are pharyngeal constrictors innervated by?

Answer 19

vagus nerve

Question 20

longitudinal muscles functions

Answer 20

shorten and widen pharynx, and elevate larynx during swallowing

Question 21

stylopharyngeus

Answer 21

arises from styloid process of temporal bone
inserts into pharynx
innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 22

palatopharyngeus

Answer 22

arises from hard palate, inserts into pharynx

innervated by vagus nerve

Question 23

salpingopharyngeus

Answer 23

arises from eustachian tube, inserts into pharynx

innervated by vagus nerve

Question 24

pharyngeal plexus

Answer 24

achieves motor and sensory innervation for most of the pharynx

formed by:
pharyngeal branches of glossopharyngeal nerve
pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve
branches from external laryngeal nerve
sympathetic fibres from superior cervical ganglion

Question 25

sensory innervation of sections of the pharynx

Answer 25

nasopharynx - maxillary nerve
oropharynx - glossopharyngeal nerve
laryngopharynx - vagus nerve

Question 26

motor innervation of the pharynx

Answer 26

all muscles innervated by vagus nerve

stylopharyngeus innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 27

arterial supply to the pharynx

Answer 27

branches of external carotid artery:

ascending pharyngeal artery
branches of facial artery
branches of lingual and maxillary arteries

Question 28

venous drainage of pharynx

Answer 28

pharyngeal venous plexus, drains into internal jugular vein