Small intestine

Question 1

origin and end

Answer 1

extends from pylorus of stomach

iliocaecal junction - meets large intestine at ileocaecal valve

Question 2

where does the small intestine meet the large intestine?

Answer 2

ileocaecal valve

Question 3

division of the small intestine

Answer 3

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 4

length of small intestine

Answer 4

6.5m

Question 5

origin and end of the duodenum

Answer 5

pylorus of stomach

duodenaljejunal junction

Question 6

division of duodenum

Answer 6

superior, descending, inferior and ascending

Question 7

length and shape of duodenum

Answer 7

C shape
25cm long
wraps around head of pancreas

Question 8

superior duodenum

Answer 8

‘cap’
ascends upwards from pylorus of stomach
hepatoduodenal ligament connects it to liver
common site for ulceration
initial 3cm covered anteriorly and posteriorly by visceral peritoneum, rest is retroperitoneal
L1

Question 9

descending duodenum

Answer 9

lies posterior to transverse colon, anterior to right kidney
curves inferiorly around head of pancreas
marked by major duodenal papilla - opening at which bile and pancreatic secretions enter ampulla of Vater
L1-L3

Question 10

what is the descending duodenum marked by?

Answer 10

major duodenal papilla - bile and pancreatic secretions enter ampulla of Vater (hepatopancreatic ampulla) through opening

Question 11

inferior duodenum

Answer 11

travels laterally to the left
crosses over IVC and aorta
inferior to pancreas, posterior to superior mesenteric artery and vein
L3

Question 12

ascending duodenum

Answer 12

ascends and curves anteriorly to join jejunum at duodenojejunal flexure
L3-L2

Question 13

muscle at duodenojejunal junction

Answer 13

suspensory muscle of the duodenum

contraction widens angle of flexure and aids movement into jejunum

Question 14

jejunum and ileum

Answer 14

intraperitoneal (contrast to duodenum)

attached to posterior abdominal wall by mesentery

Question 15

where does jejunum begin and ileum end?

Answer 15

duodenojejunal flexure

ileocaecal junction - invaginates into cecum to form ileocecal valve

Question 16

arterial supply sources of duodenum

Answer 16

proximal to major duodenal papilla - supplied by gastroduodenal artery (branch of coeliac trunk)
distal to major duodenal papilla - supplied by inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (branch of superior mesenteric artery)

Question 17

transition between arterial supply of the duodenum

Answer 17

marks change from embryological foregut to midgut

Question 18

venous drainage of duodenum

Answer 18

follow major arteries

drain into hepatic portal vein

Question 19

lymphatic drainage of duodenum

Answer 19

pancreatoduodenal and superior mesenteric nodes

Question 20

arterial supply to jejunoileum

Answer 20

superior mesenteric artery

Question 21

superior mesenteric artery

Answer 21

arises from aorta at L1
inferior to coeliac trunk
moves between layers of mesentery, splitting into 20 branches
branches anastomose to form loops (arcades)
from arcades, long and straight arteries arise - vasa recta

Question 22

venous drainage of jejunoileum

Answer 22

superior mesenteric vein - unites with splenic vein at neck of pancreas to form hepatic portal vein

Question 23

lymphatic drainage of jejunoileum

Answer 23

superior mesenteric nodes