In stationary mode, the frequency of the energy returned from a moving target is:
Decreased when the target is receding
When performing a tuning fork test in moving mode which tuning fork is held to the antenna first?
The 45 km/h tuning fork
When in ‘Lock’ mode the antenna ___:
Continues to transmit energy
The radar antenna must be mounted ___:
Not more than two metres and not less than one metre from and parallel to the ground.
A reasonable constant patrol speed should be maintained to allow:
Easier acquisition of closing rate speed
If the radar power supply voltage drops below 10.8 volts:
The Silver Eagle II would cease to operate
What is the radar used by the NSWPF
The Silver Eagle II radar
The Silver Eagle II radar transmits a C___ T___ E___ wave at a frequency of ___ with a wavelength of ___ at the S___ of L___:
- Continuous Transverse Electromagnetic wave
- Frequency of 34.9 GHz
- Wavelength of 8.59 mm
- Speed of Light
Who is responsible to produce at court the certificate under section 137 of the Road Transport Act 2013:
The operator at the time of the offence
When the Silver Eagle II fails an internal calibration test the radar displays___:
‘Err’ in the target display
To adjust the audio squelch / un-squelch mode an operator would:
Press the audio switch and then the mode switch
Police Radar instruments use a transmitter which emits a:-
Continuous wave to determine the relative velocity of target
When are the digital speedometers fitted to highway patrol vehicles required to be certified?
- Initially when the vehicle is received from Fleet Management Services
- At a period not exceeding 12 months from the initial certification
- Prior to the vehicle being returned to Fleet Management Services
Accuracy of the Digital speedometers fitted to Highway Patrol vehicles, for speeds of up to 120km/h, is:
+/- 2 km/h
The tolerance of the Silver Eagle II tuning fork test is:
+/- 1km/h
A target speed is approaching you. You have a patrol speed but you have two horizontal lines in the target display. What could this indicate?
A harmonic of the return frequency is detected
Tuning forks are used to ___:
Verify the accuracy of police radar instruments by simulating the frequency increase caused by a moving target.
The effective range of the Silver Eagle II is nominally
600 metres although the beam is infinite
What action would you take if any of the seals on the radar device were broken or removed?
Remove the radar from service and send the unit to the REU for repair with a manuscript report
Apart from during the set up and shut down procedures an operator must perform an internal calibration test:
At hourly intervals
At a range of 400 metres the width of the beam is:
About 84 metres
In accordance with operating guidelines and responsibilities, radar must not be used within 50m of a change in speed zone:
Except where speed is excessive. (E.g. in excess of 20km/h over the speed limit)
What is the operating voltage range of the Silver Eagle II radar?
10.8V to 16.5V
Would you issue an infringement notice for:
(a) 80km/h in a 60km/h area
(b) 92 km/h in a 80km/h area
(c) 114km/h in a 100km/h area
(d) 83km/h in a 80km/h area
(a) Yes
(b) Yes
(c) Yes
(d) No
Radar may be operated on down hill grades:
Provided it does not engender legitimate criticism
The Silver Eagle II will not power up, what do you do:
Contact the Radar Engineering Unit for advice
You press the test button momentarily, and “Pas” appears in the target display only. This indicates:
The instrument is in stationary mode
Incorrect antenna alignment:
May affect patrol/target speed accuracy
In regards to the remote control, the Silver Eagle Radar can be operated within departmental guidelines:
With or without the remote control connected
Will a radar display a speed reading as a result of random movement?
No, the movement must be continuous
To overcome cosine effect the operator must bear in mind a distance ratio of:
7:1
The accuracy of the Silver Eagle II Traffic Safety Radar in stationary mode is:
+/- 2 km/h
How do you select the ‘HOLD’ mode:
Is selectable from the remote display or the remote control
What is the manufacturer’s accuracy of the Silver Eagle II Radar unit in moving mode?
+2 km/h or -3 km/h
When a HWP vehicle is taken to an approved contractor for digital speedometer verification/calibration, they must ensure what is in the vehicle:
The tyre pressure gauge on issue to that HWP vehicle
When may the Silver Eagle II radar be operated in inclement weather?
Never
What could be an effect of ‘interference’?
- No displayed speed when a target is present
- An unclear tone being emitted from the radar
- Display of a speed in the absence of a target (should be in HOLD if no target)
An operator will not make any mistake due to cosine effect in patrol speed because:
The patrol speed of the police vehicle is always correlated with the digital speedometer during every radar speed check
Electromagnetic energy is:
- Composed of an electric field and a magnetic field
- Travels at 300 million metres per seconds
- Will pass through most plastic
What is the minimum speed the Silver Eagle II will display?
16 km/h
The Doppler audio tone emitted by the Silver Eagle II Radar is the Doppler Shift Frequency:
- Divided down for listening comfort
- In stationary mode divided by 6
- In moving mode divided by 12
When aligning the antenna head:
The antenna must face forward and be parallel with the road way in moving mode
You have locked on a speed of a vehicle, you then take action against the offender, however you do not unlock the radar. The Silver Eagle II will:
Default to normal operating condition after about 14 mins
After the vehicle leaves the radar beam, the target speed is retained for ___:
About 2 seconds unless another target is present
To calculate the Doppler shift frequency, the closing rate speed (in km/h) is multiplied by:
64.6Hz (1km = 64.6Hz)
How long does it take the Silver Eagle II to register a target speed:
Almost instantaneously in stationary and moving modes
When Silver Eagle II radar is subjected to radio frequency interference it:
Causes ‘RFI’ to appear in the target display
For effective operation police radar relies upon:
Reflection
Whilst patrolling you come up behind a large slow moving truck. You release the beam and the resulting displayed patrol speed does not correlate with check speedometer of the police vehicle. This is caused by?
Differential speed effect
Doppler tone is important because:
- It can indicate the presence of any interference
- It can assist in target identification
- It is proportional to the Doppler Shift Frequency
The Silver Eagle II radar beam spreads out at an angle of:
12 degrees plus or minus 1 degree (at the half power points). This means that the width of the beam increases about 21 metres for each 100 units away from the antenna.
True or False?
A certified digital speedo must be fitted to all HWP vehicles when used for check speed enforcement
True
True or False?
If a digital speedo ceases operation speed enforcement may continue if patrol speed is correlated to analogue speedo
False
True or False?
(c) A certified digital speedo must be fitted to all HWP vehicles used for mobile radar speed enforcement
True
True or False?
(d) If one or both of the tamper proof seals have been damaged or removed all speed enforcement is to cease immediately
True
The Doppler Shift frequency is the:
The Doppler Shift frequency is the:
Difference between transmitted and received frequencies
When a speed is locked on the Silver Eagle II radar:
The locked target speed flashes in the Lock/ET display
When operating the Silver Eagle II in HOLD mode:
‘HLd’ appears in the target display
What are the requirements for a valid radar speed check?
- A clear and unbroken tone
- Correlation between patrol speed and checked speedometer
- Minimum of 200 metres between targets of similar size
- Duration of the speed check must be a min of 3 seconds
- Any change of audio pitch must be accompanied by evidence of altering speed
A section 137 certificate covers all speeding offences issued?
Within 12 months from the certificates date of issue
The “45” tuning fork may cause:
Numerals 44, 45 or 46 to appear in the display depending on ambient temperature
What do the mode / antenna L.E.D’s indicate on the Silver Eagle?
- That the instrument is receiving power
- That the instrument is in stationary mode
- That the instrument is in mobile mode
When the fastest speed button on the Silver Eagle II is pressed and released the fastest speed LED lights for about:
Fastest speed switch is inactive on Silver Eagle II radars
When the message ANT appears in the target display, this indicates:
That the antenna is not plugged into the computer section or incorrect antenna port selected on the remote control
When not in “HOLD” mode, Add-on speed could be experienced:
When starting off from a Stop sign
The accuracy of the Silver Eagle II Traffic Safety Radar in stationary mode is:
+/- 2 km/h
A radar operator may only carry out the following repairs to the unit:
No repairs at all are permitted by an operator
What does RADAR stand for?
Radio Detection And Ranging
Doppler Effect is;
The apparent difference between the frequency at which sound or light leaves a source and that at which they reach the observer.
An approaching target, cause the wavefronts to___:
Compress
A receding target, cause the wavefronts to___:
Expand
What is ‘interference’?
Interference may be broadly defined as any external event which adversely influences the normal operation of radar
What are the two fundamental categories of ‘interference’?
Natural – basically reflects and diffuses (scatters) the radar energy
Man-made – is primarily electrical in nature
Give examples of Natural ‘interference’:
Large trees, bushes and signs moved by the wind, heavy rain or snow, windblown dust
Give examples of Man-made ‘interference’:
Man-made – Large advertising signs if rotating or swinging may reflect the beam. Large broad‑bladed fans may also reflect sufficient energy to cause a speed reading. Electronic emissions from fluorescent lights, power transformers, x‑ray and medical diathermy machines, high voltage transmission lines with leaky insulators, radio transmitters, mobile phones, automobile inverters, etc. may, in some circumstances, cause a speed reading or a reduction in effective range
Inverse Square Law is:
The amount of energy returned to the radar antenna from a target which is determined by two main factors being the reflective area of a target (target size) and the distance between the radar antenna and the target.
Electromagnetic Energy may be:
7
- Reflected
- Refracted
- Diffracted
- Absorbed
- Re-Transmitted
- Behaves in a similar way to visible light
- Obeys Inverse Square Law
In moving mode what are the three functions performed by the radar (in order)?
- Determine and display patrol speed
- Determine combined speed of radar and target
- Determine and display target speed
When in moving mode what are the two Doppler Shift frequencies obtained by the instrument?
Low Doppler - Patrol Speed
High Doppler – Combined Speed
Patrol Speed is obtained from ___:
Energy reflected off the roadway and surrounding stationary objects
Target Speed is ___:
The difference between combined speed and patrol speed
Target Speed = Combined Speed – Patrol Speed
What are the five main effects encountered by an operator?
- Cosine effect
- Split speed
- Differential effect
- Double bounce
- Add on speed
The Tuning Fork Tests establish?
- That the transmitter/receiver is functioning
- The accuracy of the Logic Control unit
* Should not be struck against materials harder than the forks
Why is a 7:1 ratio required for radar use?
It determines the minimum distance in which any radar speed check must cease.
E.g. radar and target path is 10m apart, therefore speed check must cease at a range
of 70m.
How do you overcome a Differential Effect?
Always correlate your patrol speed with the digital speedometer.
What is a Double Bounce Effect?
When the radar is allowed to transmit a beam in the absence of a legitimate target present and there is an overhead bridge, billboards or similar object ahead.
What is a Split Speed Effect?
An error in the instrument obtaining a true patrol speed therefore miscalculating the target speed when the patrol speed is in excess of 120km/h
What is an Add-On Effect?
When the true patrol speed is below 16 km/h and any target is within 50m it will return a better signal than the roadway and will be treated as a stationary object. The radar will display the closing rate speed between the radar and the target. The two speeds are added and displayed as a patrol speed.
What is the radars operating temperature?
-30 to +60 degrees Celsius
