PHASMID NEMATODES

Question 1

ascaris lumbricoides infective stage

Answer 1

ingestion of embryonated eggs

Question 2

ascaris lumbricoides diagnostic stage

Answer 2

adults in small intestine (fertilized/unfertilized)

Question 3

ascaris lumbricoides treatment

Answer 3

mebendazole, albendazole and piperazine

Question 4

toxocara canis/catis infective stage

Answer 4

ingestion of eggs/foodborne transmission

Question 5

toxocara canis/catis diagnostic stage

Answer 5

L3 larvae migrate in tissues

Question 6

toxocara canis/catis treatment

Answer 6

albendazole or mebendazole

Question 7

ancylostoma duodenale infective stage

Answer 7

filaform larva penetrates skin

Question 8

ancylostoma duodenale diagnostic stage

Answer 8

eggs in feces

Question 9

ancylostoma duodenale treatment

Answer 9

mebendazole

Question 10

necator americanus infective stage

Answer 10

filaform larva penetrates skin

Question 11

necator americanus diagnostic stage

Answer 11

eggs in feces

Question 12

necator americanus treatment

Answer 12

mebendazole

Question 13

ancylostoma braziliensi/caninum infective stage

Answer 13

infective larvae penetrates the skin

Question 14

ancylostoma braziliensi/caninum diagnostic stage

Answer 14

migration of larvae through skin

Question 15

ancylostoma braziliensi/caninum treatment

Answer 15

thiabendazole

Question 16

strongyloides stercoralis infective stage

Answer 16

infected filaform larvae penetrates the skin

Question 17

strongyloides stercoralis diagnostic stage

Answer 17

rhabditiform larvae in the intestine are excreted in stool

Question 18

strongyloides stercoralis treatment

Answer 18

thiabendazole

Question 19

enterobius vermicularis infective stage

Answer 19

embryonated eggs ingested by humans

Question 20

enterobius vermicularis diagnostic stage

Answer 20

eggs on perianal folds

Question 21

enterobius vermicularis treatment

Answer 21

mebendazole

Question 22

gnathostoma spinigerum infective stage

Answer 22

ingesting raw or undercooked freshwater fish or other intermediate hosts

Question 23

gnathostoma spinigerum diagnostic stage

Answer 23

al3 cross-section

Question 24

gnathostoma spinigerum treatment

Answer 24

albendazole

Question 25

angiostrongylus cantonensis infective stage

Answer 25

accidental ingestion of gastropod or larvae

Question 26

angiostrongylus cantonensis diagnostic stage

Answer 26

larvae migrate to brain in human aberrant host

Question 27

angiostrongylus cantonensis treatment

Answer 27

no specific treatment

Question 28

wuchereria bancrofti infective stage

Answer 28

mosquito takes a blood meal

Question 29

wuchereria bancrofti diagnostic stage

Answer 29

adults produce sheathed microfilariae that migrate into lymph and blood channels

Question 30

wuchereria bancrofti treatment

Answer 30

diethyl carbamazine

Question 31

onchocerca volvulus infective stage

Answer 31

blackfly takes a blood meal

Question 32

onchocerca volvulus diagnostic stage

Answer 32

adults produce unsheathed microfilariae

Question 33

onchocerca volvulus treatment

Answer 33

ivermectin

Question 34

loa loa infective stage

Answer 34

fly takes a blood meal

Question 35

loa loa diagnostic stage

Answer 35

adults produce sheathed microfilariae

Question 36

loa loa treatment

Answer 36

surgical excision when the worm is in the leg or DEC

Question 37

mansanella ozardi infective stage

Answer 37

arthropod takes a blood meal

Question 38

mansanella ozardi diagnostic stage

Answer 38

adults produce unsheathed microfilariae that reach the blood stream

Question 39

mansanella ozardi treatment

Answer 39

ivermectin

Question 40

mansanella perstan infective stage

Answer 40

midge takes a blood meal

Question 41

mansanella perstan diagnostic stage

Answer 41

adults produce unsheathed microfilariae that reach the blood stream

Question 42

mansanella perstan treatment

Answer 42

doxycycline

Question 43

mansanella streptocerca infective stage

Answer 43

midge takes a blood meal

Question 44

mansanella streptocerca diagnostic stage

Answer 44

adults produce unsheathed microfilariae which reside in the skin but can reach in peripheral blood

Question 45

mansanella streptocerca treatment

Answer 45

diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and ivermectin

Question 46

wuchereria bancrofti infective stage