Phenomenology

Question 1

What is an extracampine hallucination?

Answer 1

Beyond possible sensory field

e.g. I can hear voices talking to me from Australia

Question 2

When would you get hypopompic hallucination?

Answer 2

on waking
hypogogic on falling asleep

these are normal! one third of people experience them

Question 3

What is a delusion?

Answer 3

fixed unshakeable belief based on inadquate grounds and out of keeping with the patient’s educational, cultural or social background.

Question 4

What is a Fregoli delusion?

Answer 4

different people are in fact a single person who changes appearance or is in disguise
(form of misidentification delusion)

Question 5

What is the Cotard delusion?

Answer 5

delusional belief that they are already dead, do not exist, are putrefying. Walking corpse.
A form of nihilistic delusion.

Question 6

Anne believes people on the radio and television are speaking directly to her. What kind of delusion is this?

Answer 6

Self-referential

Question 7

Patient believes his wife has been replaced by an identical imposter. What kind of delusion is this?

Answer 7

Capgras

form of misidentification delusion

Question 8

Patient believed they are being spied on and their food is being poisoned. What kind of delusion is this?

Answer 8

Persecutory

Question 9

What are delusional perceptions? Give example.

Answer 9

Attaching abnormal significance to normal/real perception. Traffic light turns red = I am god.

Question 10

What is loosening of association in speech? Also known as?

Answer 10

a.k.a. Knights move thinking
Lack of logical association between succeeding thoughts. Gives rise to incoherent speech. IMPOSSIBLE to follow patients train of thought.

(schizophrenia)

Question 11

Irrelevant wandering in conversation. Talking in great length around the point. What is this known as?

Answer 11

Circumstantiality of speech

Question 12

The replacement of a gap in a person’s memory by a falsification that he or she believes to be true. What is this?

Answer 12

Confabulation

Question 13

What are reflex hallucinations?

Answer 13

stimulus in one sensory modality produces a hallucination in another
e.g. hearing a voice when the tap is running

Question 14

Voice says: “You are going to die”. What kind of auditory hallucination is this?

Answer 14

2nd person

Question 15

Voice says (about you): “She’s about to open the door. She’s going through it.” What kind of auditory hallucination is this?

Answer 15

3rd person running commentary

Question 16

Define an illusion

Answer 16

misperception of real external stimuli

Question 17

Define a hallucination

Answer 17

perceptions occurring in the absence of an external physical stimulus.

Question 18

Give me two forms of misidentification delusions

Answer 18

Capgras

Fregoli

Question 19

Grahame believes he has cancer (he doesn’t). What kind of delusion is this?

Answer 19

Hypochondriacal

Question 20

Something is stopping your train of thought.

Answer 20

Thought block

Question 21

Three types of thought alienation?

Answer 21

Insertion
Withdrawal
Broadcast

Question 22

What is ‘perseveration’?

Answer 22

repetition of a word, theme or action beyond the point at which it was relevant or appropriate

Question 23

What is catatonia?

Answer 23

state of either STUPOROUS or EXCITED motor activity in the absence of neurological disease

Question 24

What is an overvalued idea?

Answer 24

a false or exaggerated belief sustained beyond logic or reason
… but with less rigidity than a delusion, also often being less patently unbelievable

Question 25

A type of catatonia where the patient's limbs when moved feel like wax or lead pipe, and remain in the position in which they are left. Found rarely in (catatonic) schizophrenia and structural brain disease. What's this called?

Answer 25

Waxy Flexibility

Question 26

Catatonia can be stuporous or excited. True or false?

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Psychomotor retardation = ?

Answer 27

slow in thoughts / movements

Question 28

Lack of abstract thinking, and literal interpretation is known as?

Answer 28

Concrete thinking

Question 29

Rapid skipping from one thought to distantly/tentatively related ideas .... is known as?

Answer 29

Flight of ideas | mania/hypomania

Question 30

Emotional responses seem grossly out of tune with the subject being discussed. What kind of affect is this ?

Answer 30

incongruent

Question 31

What are neologisms?

Answer 31

making up new words / putting 2 words together | schizophrenia (ASD)

Question 32

Very rapid rate of delivery, a wealth of associations which may be quite unusual, (e.g. rhymes and puns) and often wanders off the point of the original conversation. Suggestive of what?

Answer 32

Pressure of speech | mania

Question 33

An objective absence of normal emotional responses = what kind of affect?

Answer 33

blunted / flattened

Question 34

Knights move thinking and neologisms are characteristic of?

Answer 34

Schizophrenia

Question 35

Flight of ideas and pressure of speech are characteristic of ?

Answer 35

Mania / hypomania

Question 36

experience where a person may feel disconnected from oneself/ surroundings = ?

Answer 36

dissociation

Question 37

What is akathisia?

Answer 37

motor restlessness can be an intolerable SE of medication

Question 38

What are stereotyped behaviours?

Answer 38

uniform, repetitive, non-goal directed actions

Question 39

Somatic passivity is the delusional belief that one is a passive recipient of bodily sensations from an external agency. For example?

Answer 39

aliens are touching me

Question 40

What is the difference between an obsession and a compulsion?

Answer 40

Obsession = recurrent/persistent THOUGHT, IMAGE OR IMPULSE (recognised as being one's own) Compulsion = repititive, apparently purposeful BEHAVIOUR, recognised as morbid by pt.

Question 41

A patient who is stringing fragmented words together, to make a 'word salad'. What is the posh term for this?

Answer 41

verbigeration

Question 42

Patients automatically repeats your words. ?

Answer 42

Echolalia

Question 43

Patient automatically copies your actions. ?

Answer 43

Echopraxia

Question 44

A mechanism in which what is emotionally unacceptable in the self is unconsciously rejected and attributed to others. ?

Answer 44

Projection For example, mother may project their anxiety on their children claiming that they are anxious instead

Question 45

Unconscious tendency of a patient to assign to others in the present environment feelings and attitudes associated with significant persons in one's earlier life. ?

Answer 45

Transference ... especially, the patient's transfer to the therapist of feelings and attitudes associated with a parent or similar person from childhood. The feelings may be affectionate (positive transference), hostile (negative transference), or ambivalent. Sometimes the transference can be interpreted to help the patient understand childhood attitudes.

Question 46

What is confabulation very common in?

Answer 46

Korsakoff's psychosis | late complication of Wernicke's encephalopathy

Question 47

What 2 things is Perseveration common in?

Answer 47

Wernicke's encephalopathy | frontal lobe

Question 48

Vivid visual hallucinations. What kind of dementia are you thinking?

Answer 48

Lewy body

Question 49

2nd person voices common in?

Answer 49

depression | personality disorder

Question 50

What is an obsession?

Answer 50

unwanted recurrent thought

Question 51

Thoughts + feelings don't belong to you.. What's this?

Answer 51

Depersonalisation

Question 52

Looking at yourself from the outside... What's this called?

Answer 52

Derealisation

Question 53

Seemingly purposeful gesture of language / behaviour. What's this?

Answer 53

mannerism