Phenotypes and genotypes

Question 1

genotype def

Answer 1

an individual’s allele combination

Question 2

homozygous def

Answer 2

both the same allele

Question 3

heterozygous def

Answer 3

two different alleles

Question 4

phenotype def

Answer 4

the visible trait that the alleles cause

Question 5

genotypic ratio def

Answer 5

shows the ratio of the offspring alleles produced.
ex- 1/4 FF: 2/4 Ff: 1/4 ff

Question 6

phenotypic ratio def

Answer 6

show the ratio of the offspring physical traits produced.
ex- 3/4 red roses: 1/4 white roses

Question 7

dominant vs. recessive def

Answer 7

dominant: takes one allele to make a protein that causes a phenotype
recessive: takes two alleles to cause a phenotype

Question 8

codominance def

Answer 8

both of an individual’s alleles are visible in its phenotypes

Question 9

Contrast genotype and phenotype ratios in traits that are dominant/recessive vs. codominant

Answer 9

dominant/recessive- if you are given the parents, you can determine the outcome as either heterozygous, homozygous, dominant, or recessive. There are only two possible phenotypic outcomes that can result. If two heterozygous breed the ratio is 1:2:1
codominant - the more codominance in a trait there is, the less predictable it becomes to predict the outcomes. The phenotypic ratios are almost never the same as the parents. After the F2 phase the ratio is 3:1.

Question 10

True or False:
An example of a heterozygous pair is Do

Answer 10

False; even though there is a dominant and recessive allele, they are not of the same gene so this would not be a valid gene

Question 11

True or False:
When two homozygous dominant parents breed the ratio is 1:2:1

Answer 11

false; the ratio would be 4:0. The ratio would be 1:2:1 only when two heterozygous parents breed