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Flashcards in Philip And The New World Deck (36)
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1
Q

What were behind Philip’s expeditions in the new world?

A

Religious motivations

2
Q

How many priests were in the New World by 1570?

A

1,000

3
Q

How many whites and Indians were in the new world by 1570?

A

10,000 whites

10 million Indians

4
Q

What did the Spanish want to do to the natives?

A

Christianise them

5
Q

Where did Spanish conquistadores advance in South America?

A

Advanced south from Paraguay

6
Q

When did Spanish conquistadores establish Buenos Aires?

A

1580

7
Q

When were the Philippines taken over?

A

1565

8
Q

Why was the New World important?

A
  • silver
  • customs duties
  • crown monopolies e.g. sale of playing cards
9
Q

Where was the alcabala introduced?

A

Mexico and Peru

10
Q

When did England become active in the area with Francis Drake?

A

Mid 1550s

11
Q

What system was introduced to protect twice-yearly treasure fleets across the Atlantic?

A

Convoy system

12
Q

Did the convoy system work well?

A

Yes but it was expensive

13
Q

How did Portugal help in the Atlantic?

A

It gave them the additional base of the Azores

14
Q

Who was the viceroy in Mexico?

A

Enriquez

15
Q

Who was viceroy in Peru?

A

Toledo

16
Q

What did the viceroys do?

A

Laid excellent foundations for colonial government

17
Q

How many ships were in the Atlantic by 1587

A

Over 100 Spanish ships

18
Q

What did Philip want to see in the New World?

A

Effective administration and justice

19
Q

What was the difficulty with the population?

A

Ruling over a large population which was unfamiliar with European ways

20
Q

What was the council of indies responsible for?

A

Changes aimed at improving the effectiveness of the government

21
Q

When was Toledo appointed viceroy of Peru?

A

1569

22
Q

What did Toledo bring to Peru?

A

Peace and prosperity

23
Q

What was the result of Toledo’s policies in Peru?

A

The output of the silver mines of Potosi and the mercury mines of Hauncavelica improved considerably

24
Q

What were the 1573 ordinances?

A

Condemned extreme violence against Indians but had little effective on their wellbeing

25
Q

When did the first Jesuits arrive to convert Indians to Christianity?

A

1568

26
Q

What did the 1573 ordinances allow for missionaries?

A

Allowed them to establish small-scale settlements to help in their work of Christianisation. This work increased in the 1580s

27
Q

What developments were made in the new world?

A
  • map-making
  • geography
  • technical processes e.g. extracting silver
  • Philip finances an expedition to study plants and animals
28
Q

When were the silver mines of Potosi discovered?

A

1545

29
Q

What were needed as a result of the increase in silver?

A

More ships

30
Q

Where was shipbuilding increased?

A

The Basque coast of Spain

31
Q

How much did quantities of bullion increase?

A

They tripled in 30 years

32
Q

Where did the majority of the bullion go?

A

Outside Spain to repay foreign loans or for the cost of goods

33
Q

Was Spain prosperous?

A

On the surface it seemed prosperous but there were problems underneath the incoming wealth

34
Q

What motivations drove New World expeditions?

A

Spanish imperialism and financial needs

35
Q

What Council was essential

A

The council of indies. Seville was the key Spanish centre

36
Q

What did revenues amount to?

A

64.5 million ducats