PHILIPPINE HISTORY Flashcards
(154 cards)
1
Q
- Q: What is the term for the early Philippine writing system?
A: Baybayin - Q: Who were the indigenous people that lived in the Philippines before Spanish colonization?
A: Negritos or Aetas - Q: What is the traditional form of government in pre-colonial Philippines?
A: Barangay - Q: Who were the local chieftains that ruled the barangays?
A: Datus - Q: What was the name of the early Filipino epic about the hero Lam-ang?
A: Biag ni Lam-ang - Q: What is the name of the indigenous animistic religion in the Philippines?
A: Anito or animism - Q: What is the name of the Filipino wooden pestle used for rice pounding?
A: Lusong - Q: What term describes traditional Filipino tattooing?
A: Batok - Q: Which ancient artifact found in Butuan dates back to 320 AD?
A: The Butuan Balangay - Q: What early form of government in the Philippines involves council meetings among datus?
A: Sanduguan
A
Pre-colonial Period
2
Q
What is the term for the early Philippine writing system?
A
Baybayin
3
Q
Who were the indigenous people that lived in the Philippines before Spanish colonization?
A
Negritos or Aetas
4
Q
What is the traditional form of government in pre-colonial Philippines?
A
Barangay
5
Q
Who were the local chieftains that ruled the barangays?
A
Datus
6
Q
What was the name of the early Filipino epic about the hero Lam-ang?
A
Biag ni Lam-ang
7
Q
What is the name of the indigenous animistic religion in the Philippines?
A:
A
Anito or animism
8
Q
What term describes traditional Filipino tattooing?
A
Batok
9
Q
Which ancient artifact found in Butuan dates back to 320 AD?
A
The Butuan Balangay
10
Q
What early form of government in the Philippines involves council meetings among datus?
A
Sanduguan
11
Q
What early form of government in the Philippines involves council meetings among datus?
A
Sanduguan
12
Q
- Q: What is the name of the Filipino wooden pestle used for rice pounding?
A
A: Lusong
13
Q
- Q: Who led the first Spanish expedition to the Philippines?
A: Ferdinand Magellan - Q: In what year did Magellan arrive in the Philippines?
A: 1521 - Q: Where was Magellan killed?
A: Mactan - Q: Who was the ruler of Mactan who defeated Magellan?
A: Lapu-Lapu - Q: What was the name of the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines?
A: Cebu - Q: Who established Manila as the capital of the Philippines?
A: Miguel López de Legazpi - Q: What was the name of the Filipino-Greek mestizo priest executed in 1872?
A: Fr. Jose Burgos - Q: What were the three Filipino priests who led the secularization movement called?
A: Gomburza - Q: What Spanish decree forced Filipinos to provide labor for public works?
A: Polo y Servicio - Q: What was the term for Filipino resistance groups against Spanish rule?
A: Katipunan
A
Spanish Colonial Period
14
Q
Who led the first Spanish expedition to the Philippines?
A
A: Ferdinand Magellan
15
Q
In what year did Magellan arrive in the Philippines?
A
1521
16
Q
Where was Magellan killed?
A
Mactan
17
Q
Who was the ruler of Mactan who defeated Magellan?
A
Lapu-Lapu
18
Q
What was the name of the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines?
A
Cebu
19
Q
Who established Manila as the capital of the Philippines?
A
Miguel López de Legazpi
20
Q
- Q: What was the name of the Filipino-Greek mestizo priest executed in 1872?
A
Fr. Jose Burgos
21
Q
What were the three Filipino priests who led the secularization movement called?
A
Gomburza
22
Q
What Spanish decree forced Filipinos to provide labor for public works?
A
Polo y Servicio
23
Q
What was the term for Filipino resistance groups against Spanish rule?
A
Katipunan
24
Q
What was the term for Filipino resistance groups against Spanish rule?
A
Katipunan
25
21. Q: Who founded the Katipunan in 1892?
A: Andres Bonifacio
22. Q: What is the pen name of Jose Rizal?
A: Laong Laan and Dimasalang
23. Q: What is the title of Jose Rizal's first novel?
A: Noli Me Tangere
24. Q: Who was the first President of the Philippines?
A: Emilio Aguinaldo
25. Q: Where was the Philippine Declaration of Independence proclaimed?
A: Kawit, Cavite
26. Q: What is the date of Philippine Independence from Spain?
A: June 12, 1898
27. Q: Who was the leader of the Magdalo faction of the Katipunan?
A: Emilio Aguinaldo
28. Q: What was the name of the secret meeting place of the Katipunan in Manila?
A: The Katipunan’s "Tejeros Convention"
29. Q: Who was known as the "Father of the Philippine Revolution"?
A: Andres Bonifacio
30. Q: Who designed the first Philippine flag?
A: Marcela Agoncillo
Philippine Revolution
26
Who founded the Katipunan in 1892?
Andres Bonifacio
27
What is the pen name of Jose Rizal?
Laong Laan and Dimasalang
28
What is the pen name of Jose Rizal?
Laong Laan and Dimasalang
29
What is the title of Jose Rizal's first novel?
Noli Me Tangere
30
Who was the first President of the Philippines?
Emilio Aguinaldo
31
Who was the first President of the Philippines?
Emilio Aguinaldo
32
Where was the Philippine Declaration of Independence proclaimed?
A:
Kawit, Cavite
33
What is the date of Philippine Independence from Spain?
June 12, 1898
34
Who was the leader of the Magdalo faction of the Katipunan?
Emilio Aguinaldo
35
Who was the leader of the Magdalo faction of the Katipunan?
Emilio Aguinaldo
36
What was the name of the secret meeting place of the Katipunan in Manila?
The Katipunan’s "Tejeros Convention"
37
What was the name of the secret meeting place of the Katipunan in Manila?
The Katipunan’s "Tejeros Convention"
38
Who was known as the "Father of the Philippine Revolution"?
Andres Bonifacio
39
Who was known as the "Father of the Philippine Revolution"?
Andres Bonifacio
40
Who designed the first Philippine flag?
Marcela Mariño de Agoncillo
41
Who designed the first Philippine flag?
Marcela Agoncillo
42
Who designed the first Philippine flag?
Marcela Agoncillo
43
31. Q: In what treaty did Spain cede the Philippines to the United States?
A: Treaty of Paris (1898)
32. Q: Who was the first American civil governor of the Philippines?
A: William Howard Taft
33. Q: Who was the Filipino general who resisted American colonization in Mindanao?
A: General Miguel Malvar
34. Q: What was the name of the Philippine-American War's longest battle?
A: Battle of Tirad Pass
35. Q: When did the Philippine-American War officially end?
A: July 4, 1902
36. Q: What act officially established the Philippine Assembly?
A: Philippine Organic Act of 1902
37. Q: Who was the Filipino nationalist senator known for his speech, "A Call for Filipino Unity"?
A: Claro M. Recto
38. Q: What educational system was established during the American period?
A: The public school system
39. Q: Who was the first female senator of the Philippines?
A: Geronima Pecson
40. Q: When was the Tydings-McDuffie Act passed?
A: 1934
American Colonial Period
44
41. Q: When did the Japanese forces occupy the Philippines?
A: 1942
42. Q: Who led the Japanese-sponsored government during World War II?
A: Jose P. Laurel
43. Q: What was the name of the Filipino guerrilla resistance group?
A: Hukbalahap (Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon)
44. Q: What infamous event occurred on April 9, 1942, involving Filipino and American soldiers?
A: The Bataan Death March
45. Q: Who led the return of American forces to the Philippines in 1944?
A: General Douglas MacArthur
46. Q: In which Philippine city did General MacArthur land upon his return?
A: Leyte
47. Q: What was the code name for the U.S. invasion of the Philippines in 1944?
A: Operation Musketeer
48. Q: When did Manila achieve its liberation from Japanese forces?
A: February 1945
49. Q: Who served as president of the Philippine Commonwealth government during World War II?
A: Manuel L. Quezon
50. Q: What was the capital city declared by the Japanese government during their occupation?
A: Baguio
Japanese Occupation
45
51. Q: When did the Philippines gain independence from the United States?
A: July 4, 1946
52. Q: Who was the first president of the Third Philippine Republic?
A: Manuel Roxas
53. Q: Which treaty established the military bases of the United States in the Philippines?
A: Military Bases Agreement of 1947
54. Q: What is the name of the agreement that closed U.S. bases in the Philippines in 1991?
A: Philippine Senate Resolution No. 1259
55. Q: Who succeeded Manuel Roxas as president after his death in 1948?
A: Elpidio Quirino
56. Q: Who was the first president to serve in the Fourth Republic of the Philippines?
A: Ferdinand Marcos
57. Q: What year was Martial Law declared by Ferdinand Marcos?
A: 1972
58. Q: When did the EDSA People Power Revolution take place?
A: February 1986
59. Q: Who was the first female president of the Philippines?
A: Corazon Aquino
60. Q: Who was the president of the Philippines during the Philippine Centennial in 1998?
A: Fidel V. Ramos
Post-War and Independence
46
51. Q: When did the Philippines gain independence from the United States?
A: July 4, 1946
52. Q: Who was the first president of the Third Philippine Republic?
A: Manuel Roxas
53. Q: Which treaty established the military bases of the United States in the Philippines?
A: Military Bases Agreement of 1947
54. Q: What is the name of the agreement that closed U.S. bases in the Philippines in 1991?
A: Philippine Senate Resolution No. 1259
55. Q: Who succeeded Manuel Roxas as president after his death in 1948?
A: Elpidio Quirino
56. Q: Who was the first president to serve in the Fourth Republic of the Philippines?
A: Ferdinand Marcos
57. Q: What year was Martial Law declared by Ferdinand Marcos?
A: 1972
58. Q: When did the EDSA People Power Revolution take place?
A: February 1986
59. Q: Who was the first female president of the Philippines?
A: Corazon Aquino
60. Q: Who was the president of the Philippines during the Philippine Centennial in 1998?
A: Fidel V. Ramos
Post-War and Independence
47
61. Q: When did Mount Pinatubo erupt, causing global effects?
A: 1991
62. Q: Who succeeded Corazon Aquino as president in 1992?
A: Fidel V. Ramos
63. Q: When was the Republic Act 7941 or Party-List System Act passed?
A: 1995
64. Q: Who was the Philippine president impeached in 2001?
A: Joseph Estrada
65. Q: When did the Philippines file an arbitration case against China over the South China Sea?
A: 2013
66. Q: Who was elected as president of the Philippines in 2016?
A: Rodrigo Duterte
67. Q: Which is the official government entity responsible for preserving the historical and cultural heritage of the Philippines?
A: National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP)
68. Q: What was the outcome of the Philippines’ arbitration case against China in 2016?
A: The Philippines won; China's claims were invalidated.
69. Q: Who was the first vice president of the Philippines elected independently of the president?
A: Elpidio Quirino
70. Q: What year did the Philippines withdraw from the International Criminal Court (ICC)?
A: 2019
Modern History and Key Events
48
61. Q: When did Mount Pinatubo erupt, causing global effects?
A: 1991
62. Q: Who succeeded Corazon Aquino as president in 1992?
A: Fidel V. Ramos
63. Q: When was the Republic Act 7941 or Party-List System Act passed?
A: 1995
64. Q: Who was the Philippine president impeached in 2001?
A: Joseph Estrada
65. Q: When did the Philippines file an arbitration case against China over the South China Sea?
A: 2013
66. Q: Who was elected as president of the Philippines in 2016?
A: Rodrigo Duterte
67. Q: Which is the official government entity responsible for preserving the historical and cultural heritage of the Philippines?
A: National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP)
68. Q: What was the outcome of the Philippines’ arbitration case against China in 2016?
A: The Philippines won; China's claims were invalidated.
69. Q: Who was the first vice president of the Philippines elected independently of the president?
A: Elpidio Quirino
70. Q: What year did the Philippines withdraw from the International Criminal Court (ICC)?
A: 2019
Modern History and Key Events
49
31. Q: In what treaty did Spain cede the Philippines to the United States?
A: Treaty of Paris (1898)
50
In what treaty did Spain cede the Philippines to the United States?
A: Treaty of Paris (1898)
51
Who was the first American civil governor of the Philippines?
A: William Howard Taft
52
Who was the Filipino general who resisted American colonization in Mindanao?
A: General Miguel Malvar
53
What was the name of the Philippine-American War's longest battle?
A: Battle of Tirad Pass
54
What was the name of the Philippine-American War's longest battle?
A: Battle of Tirad Pass
55
When did the Philippine-American War officially end?
July 4, 1902
56
When did the Philippine-American War officially end?
July 4, 1902
57
36. Q: What act officially established the Philippine Assembly?
A: Philippine Organic Act of 1902
58
36. Q: What act officially established the Philippine Assembly?
A: Philippine Organic Act of 1902
59
37. Q: Who was the Filipino nationalist senator known for his speech, "A Call for Filipino Unity"?
A: Claro M. Recto
60
37. Q: Who was the Filipino nationalist senator known for his speech, "A Call for Filipino Unity"?
A: Claro M. Recto
61
38. Q: What educational system was established during the American period?
A: The public school system
62
38. Q: What educational system was established during the American period?
A: The public school system
63
39. Q: Who was the first female senator of the Philippines?
A: Geronima Pecson
64
39. Q: Who was the first female senator of the Philippines?
A: Geronima Pecson
65
40. Q: When was the Tydings-McDuffie Act passed?
A: 1934
66
When did the Japanese forces occupy the Philippines?
1942
67
When did the Japanese forces occupy the Philippines?
1942
68
Q: Who led the Japanese-sponsored government during World War II?
A: Jose P. Laurel
69
Q: What was the name of the Filipino guerrilla resistance group?
A: Hukbalahap (Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon)
70
Q: What was the name of the Filipino guerrilla resistance group?
A: Hukbalahap (Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon)
71
What infamous event occurred on April 9, 1942, involving Filipino and American soldiers?
A: The Bataan Death March
72
Who led the return of American forces to the Philippines in 1944?
A: General Douglas MacArthur
73
Who led the return of American forces to the Philippines in 1944?
A: General Douglas MacArthur
74
In which Philippine city did General MacArthur land upon his return?
A: Leyte
75
In which Philippine city did General MacArthur land upon his return?
A: Leyte
76
What was the code name for the U.S. invasion of the Philippines in 1944?
A: Operation Musketeer
77
When did Manila achieve its liberation from Japanese forces?
A: February 1945
78
Who served as president of the Philippine Commonwealth government during World War II?
A: Manuel L. Quezon
79
Who served as president of the Philippine Commonwealth government during World War II?
A: Manuel L. Quezon
80
What was the capital city declared by the Japanese government during their occupation?
A: Baguio
81
What was the capital city declared by the Japanese government during their occupation?
A: Baguio
82
When did the Philippines gain independence from the United States?
A: July 4, 1946
83
When did the Philippines gain independence from the United States?
A: July 4, 1946
84
Who was the first president of the Third Philippine Republic?
A: Manuel Roxas
85
Who was the first president of the Third Philippine Republic?
A: Manuel Roxas
86
Which treaty established the military bases of the United States in the Philippines?
A: Military Bases Agreement of 1947
87
Which treaty established the military bases of the United States in the Philippines?
A: Military Bases Agreement of 1947
88
What is the name of the agreement that closed U.S. bases in the Philippines in 1991?
A: Philippine Senate Resolution No. 1259
89
Who succeeded Manuel Roxas as president after his death in 1948?
A: Elpidio Quirino
90
Who was the first president to serve in the Fourth Republic of the Philippines?
A: Ferdinand Marcos
91
Who was the first president to serve in the Fourth Republic of the Philippines?
A: Ferdinand Marcos
92
What year was Martial Law declared by Ferdinand Marcos?
A: 1972
93
When did the EDSA People Power Revolution take place?
A: February 1986
94
When did the EDSA People Power Revolution take place?
A: February 1986
95
Who was the first female president of the Philippines?
A: Corazon Aquino
96
Who was the first female president of the Philippines?
A: Corazon Aquino
97
Who was the president of the Philippines during the Philippine Centennial in 1998?
A: Fidel V. Ramos
98
Who was the president of the Philippines during the Philippine Centennial in 1998?
A: Fidel V. Ramos
99
When did Mount Pinatubo erupt, causing global effects?
A: 1991
100
Who succeeded Corazon Aquino as president in 1992?
A: Fidel V. Ramos
101
Who succeeded Corazon Aquino as president in 1992?
A: Fidel V. Ramos
102
63. Q: When was the Republic Act 7941 or Party-List System Act passed?
A: 1995
103
64. Q: Who was the Philippine president impeached in 2001?
A: Joseph Estrada
104
64. Q: Who was the Philippine president impeached in 2001?
A: Joseph Estrada
105
65. Q: When did the Philippines file an arbitration case against China over the South China Sea?
A: 2013
106
65. Q: When did the Philippines file an arbitration case against China over the South China Sea?
A: 2013
107
66. Q: Who was elected as president of the Philippines in 2016?
A: Rodrigo Duterte
108
66. Q: Who was elected as president of the Philippines in 2016?
A: Rodrigo Duterte
109
67. Q: Which is the official government entity responsible for preserving the historical and cultural heritage of the Philippines?
A: National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP)
110
67. Q: Which is the official government entity responsible for preserving the historical and cultural heritage of the Philippines?
A: National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP)
111
68. Q: What was the outcome of the Philippines’ arbitration case against China in 2016?
A: The Philippines won; China's claims were invalidated.
112
69. Q: Who was the first vice president of the Philippines elected independently of the president?
A: Elpidio Quirino
113
69. Q: Who was the first vice president of the Philippines elected independently of the president?
A: Elpidio Quirino
114
70. Q: What year did the Philippines withdraw from the International Criminal Court (ICC)?
A: 2019
115
What artifact found in Laguna dates back to the 9th century and contains the earliest known written language in the Philippines?
Laguna Copperplate Inscription
116
Which pre-colonial kingdom, mentioned in Chinese records, traded with the Chinese in the 10th century and is believed to have been located in present-day Manila Bay?
Kingdom of Tondo
117
Who was the ruler of Manila that opposed Spanish colonization and initially resisted Miguel López de Legazpi in 1571?
Rajah Sulayman
118
What was the indigenous religion in Visayas known as before the Spanish arrival, centered around the worship of spirits and nature deities?
Anitism or Visayan Animism
119
Which ancient kingdom in what is now the Visayas was believed to have established trade relations with the Srivijaya Empire?
Kingdom of Butuan
120
Who led the first recorded revolt against Spanish rule in 1574 in Pampanga and was executed for his actions?
Lakandula
121
Which 17th-century revolt in Ilocos was led by a mestizo, resisting Spanish oppression due to forced labor and tribute?
Revolt of Diego Silang
122
Which region saw the longest-running revolt in Philippine history, led by the Moro people who resisted Spanish and American colonization for over 300 years?
Mindanao (specifically the Moro region)
123
Which Philippine province was the site of the uprising led by Francisco Dagohoy, the longest revolt in Philippine history?
Bohol
124
In 1762, the British briefly occupied Manila during which conflict that impacted the Philippines despite being primarily a European war?
Seven Years' War
125
Who wrote the original draft of the Malolos Constitution?
Felipe Calderón
126
What was the term for the elite members of Philippine society who often collaborated with the Spanish and then the Americans during colonization?
Illustrados
127
Who was the leader of the revolutionary forces in Cavite and the original president of the Philippine revolutionary government before Emilio Aguinaldo?
Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro
128
What was the name of the newspaper that Andres Bonifacio used to communicate revolutionary ideas?
Kalayaan
129
Who was the youngest general in the Philippine Revolutionary Army, often referred to as the 'Hero of Tirad Pass'?
General Gregorio del Pilar
130
Where did Emilio Aguinaldo retreat and later surrender to American forces, marking the end of the Philippine-American War?
Palanan, Isabela
131
Who was the Kapampangan military leader that resisted American forces after Aguinaldo’s capture, making him one of the last Filipino generals to surrender?
General Miguel Malvar
132
Who was the first Filipino resident commissioner to the United States during the American colonial period?
Benito Legarda
133
What significant education act was passed in 1901, marking the start of the public education system under American rule?
Act No. 74
134
Which Filipino nationalist is remembered for advocating 'Filipino First' economic policies and inspired the 1957 nationalist movement?
Claro M. Recto
135
What landmark case ruled that Filipino nationals were not U.S. citizens but were 'nationals,' affecting their immigration rights?
Insular Cases
136
What was the first state university established in the Philippines by the Americans?
University of the Philippines (1908)
137
What was the name of the organization formed by Filipinos in the United States to resist U.S. colonization?
Philippine Independence Mission
138
What act signed by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1934 promised Philippine independence within ten years?
Tydings-McDuffie Act
139
Who led the underground Filipino intelligence network known as the 'Hunters ROTC Guerrillas' during the Japanese occupation?
Miguel Z. Ver
140
What was the name of the collaborative government established by the Japanese in the Philippines?
Second Philippine Republic
141
Who was the Filipino general known for escaping Bataan and organizing guerrilla operations during the Japanese occupation?
General Vicente P. Lim
142
What was the infamous campaign against suspected guerrilla supporters that led to mass arrests and killings by Japanese forces?
Manila Massacre
143
What was the code name for MacArthur’s return to the Philippines, leading to the liberation of Leyte in 1944?
Operation King II
144
What was the official Philippine flag used during the Japanese occupation, slightly different from the current one?
The flag featured the Japanese sun emblem (no red triangle).
145
What economic policy did President Manuel Roxas implement that tied the Philippines’ economy closely to the U.S. post-independence?
Bell Trade Act
146
Who were the Hukbalahap (Huks), and what was their main purpose post-WWII?
A peasant-based resistance group turned communist insurgency aimed at land reform.
147
In what year did the Philippines gain membership in the United Nations?
1945
148
Who was the longest-serving senator in the Philippines, known for his contributions to labor rights and economic reform?
Senator Lorenzo M. Tañada
149
What was the official justification given by Ferdinand Marcos for declaring Martial Law in 1972?
To suppress the Communist threat and protect against insurgency.
150
What was the title of the document that justified Martial Law, signed by Marcos?
Proclamation No. 1081
151
What was the landmark Supreme Court case that upheld the validity of Martial Law under Marcos?
Javellana v. Executive Secretary
152
Which Marcos-led institution was tasked with controlling media, press, and communication during Martial Law?
National Media Production Center (NMPC)
153
What was the name of the economic program launched by Marcos that aimed to create agricultural self-sufficiency but was criticized for its inefficiency and corruption?
Masagana 99
154
What was the 'Freedom Constitution' enacted by Corazon Aquino after the People Power Revolution?
Provisional '1986 Freedom Constitution'
