Philo Flashcards
1
Q
What is philosophy in greek?
A
philia
and sophia
2
Q
what does philia and sophia mean?
A
love and wisdom
3
Q
what is the starting point of philosophy?
A
Man is Fragile - people question because man is limited, we need to fill what is lacking
4
Q
Beginning of philosophy is?
A
wonder
5
Q
Most important element of philosophy
A
questions
6
Q
philosophy is —- not thinking
A
doing
7
Q
philosophy is alive because of ?
A
questions
8
Q
what is satisfied with one simple answer
A
curiousity
9
Q
goes beyond, ask more than what meets the eye
A
wonder
10
Q
is something that we measure. The fact that we know (sometimes solely rational)
A
knowledge
11
Q
is something that we experience (knowing how to use your knowledge)
: Practical - put into actualization
A
wisdom
12
Q
Unam means?
A
one
13
Q
Bonum means?
A
good
14
Q
Pulchrum means?
A
beautiful
15
Q
ad-hominem
A
appeals to authority
16
Q
Eutopia
A
paradise ( subjective)
17
Q
Meta means?
A
after
18
Q
Beyond and physi means
A
nature
19
Q
Studies reality and it’s ultimate causes in an absolute sense
what philosophy?
A
metaphysics
20
Q
- Deals with “being,” that is all of existence studies its essence, substance and matter.
what philosophy?
A
metaphysics
21
Q
Ironically speaking, a true philosopher does not see himself as a “philosopher” but as someone who thirst for wisdom
true or false?
A
true `
22
Q
Study of principles by which we distinguish sound from unsound reasoning and if different types of reasoning
A
logic
23
Q
Commonly known as the “Philosophers toolbox” for although it is not the study of reality directly. It seeks to know the conditions for valid knowledge; hence it is an instrument that in a general way affects all rational knowledge of reality
A
Logic
24
Q
Occurs when we base the validity of our argument on how many people believe or do the same thing as we do. In other words we claim that something must be true simply because it is popular.
what fallcy?
A
bandwagon fallacy
25
Distortion of an opponent's argument to make it easier to refute. By exaggerating or simplifying someone’s position, one can easily attack a weak version of it and ignore their real argument
what fallacy?
straw man logical fallacy
26
Non sequitur means?
it does not follow
27
Jumping to conclusions occurs when we use a small sample or exceptional cases to draw a conclusion or generalize a rule. what kind of fallacy?
Hasty Generalization logical fallacy
28
If two things appear to be correlated, this doesn’t necessarily indicate that one of those things irrefutably causes the other thing. WHat fallaacy?
caustion fallacy
29
kind of idealism focuses on the importance (value of patience) : use of senses (observation)
cosmocentism
30
Existence of the universe or nature
- Water is the source if everything
who is stated?
Thales
31
- “Socratic Questioning”
- An art of questioning
who is the ferson?
socrates
32
Dualistic”philosophy
- Built the “academy”
who is the ferson?
plato
33
Lyceum”
- Similar and yet different to Plato’s Academy
empiricism
who is stated?
aristotle
34
All our knowledge begins with the senses, proceeds then to the understanding and ends with reason.
- Dare to think
- There is nothing higher that reason
who is the ferson?
emmanuel kant
35
idealism focuses on the importance of the universe or nature. what is stated?
cosmocentrism
36
ART OF REASONING
LOGIC
37
Ancient philosphers
T S P A
Thales
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
38
Smartest philosopher, he invented the questioning
socrates
39
God/divine is the reason for all existance. at this time they sought to combine faith and reason. What ideology ?
theocentrism
40
Fides et ratio
faith and reason
41
Medieval philosophers
SA ST SA
St. Augustine
St. Thomas aquinas
St. Anselm of canterbury
42
Adapting platonic idealism
- “The Confession” Combination of
Science and religion centered on
faith not reason – Fides et Ratio
who is stated ?
st agustine
43
Adopted Aristothelian philosophy.
He wrote his “Summa Theologiae,”
reason over faith. who is stated?
st. thomas aquinas
44
“Angelic Doctor of the Church” who is stated?
st. thomas aquinas
45
First one to developed a Christian ontological argument
st. anselm of canterbury
46
proslogion means?
centered on faith over reason
47
“I know faith that is why I believe”
st anselm of canterburg
48
focuses or gives emphasis on human kind being the center of everything. Mind or rationalism is the trend idealism at this point of time. what ideology?
anthropocentrism
49
Modern philosophers
R J E
Rene descartes
John Locke
Emmanuel kant
50
Ancient philosophers ideology
cosmocentrism
51
medieval philosophers belief?
theocentrism
52
modern philosophers belief?
anthropocentrism
53
Focus: Self
- “Man” is now the center of all things
- Lagi lahat instant/ impatient (all
things must submit to man’s will)
what era?
modern
54
I think: therefore I am
rene descartes
55
Father of Modern Philosophy
rene descartes
56
Evil Genius” (“confusion”) - divine
being who just put information
(Prevent to be decisive)
rene descartes
57
“to see is to believe” who stated this?
john locke
58
You gain knowledge when we experience things
who stated this?
John locke
59
All our knowledge begins with the senses, proceeds then to the understanding and ends with reason.
who stated this?
emmanuel kant
60
the things we don’t have the capabilities to do
noumenon
61
all things that we experience (knowledge)
phenomenon
62
Truth become relative
relativism
63
what is the casue of contemporary era?
What happened to Galileo Galilea
- That the world is the center of the
universe
- Found out that the church was wrong
- “To see is to believe” (yung nagging
Philosophy nila)
- Empiricism – mararanasan ko,
makikita ko
64
Critique modernity as failure – because man that time became so lazy and rely everything with science
Aido tassi
65
Neglect the importance of reflection - Man became so abusive of his
nature, to submit everything in the
will of man
- Values are removed and little by little
forgotten
who stated?
aido tassi
66
gave birth to all the -ism of philosophy
modernity
67
when moodernity came
what became the central point?
Nationality
68
The problem of contemporary period
They have perceive the reality in the lens of cognitive only (knowledge)
- They have conducted that everything can be philosophical and can be answer by science
- Systematic naging tingin ng tao sa problema
69
Oblivion made by
martin heidegger
70
what is oblivion?
the forgetfulness of being (the essentials)
71
- re birth of various ideologies from ancient to medieval period
contemporary philosophers
72
Central topic about human person in classical greek views
soul and spirit
73
They strengthened the foundation of the ancient greek philosophers
what era?
golden age of philosophy
74
Founding fathers of philosophy
S A P
Sorates
Aristotle
Plato
75
Socrates history
Born in Athens 469 BCE
- Combatted the arts or philosophy of
the Sophists
- Philosophized along the streets of
Athens
- Youth – studied philosophers
Adult – Debating philosophy
- Role of philosopher – walk around,
talk, and argue.
- He was seen as nuisance
- His trial became so famous which
was contradictory before when he
was still philosophizing.
- His life and works were written by
his noble student, Plato
- His acknowledgement of his
ignorance made him critical and wisest in his generation. (I know that I know nothing).
- For him, the human person also consisted of body and soul. Human body originated from the world while the soul from the Universal Reason or Mind.
76
Aristotle history
Human person is a rational animal. - Unlike Plato, his idea about human person is an “embodied spirit.”
- Reason is the thing that makes him
supreme from other beings. - Soul and body are really
interconnected. - Hylomorphism
77
what is dualistic phiosophy?
Human person is composed of body
and soul
78
plato history
Dualistic Philosophy
- Human person is composed of body
and soul
- The soul is a part of divine reason
- The human person in his/her
existence in this world is not the original and perfect but only an imperfect copy. The original real self is in the world of ideas.
- This imperfection is caused due to the soul’s imprisonment to the body.
- In order to be perfect, one must practice virtue. It can only be done through the power of “reason”
- Soul is the highest part of human person’s nature.
- Soul is most likely divine and eternal, intellectual and indivisible, and unchanging.
- While the body is likely human and mortal and diverse and unintellectual and constantly evolving.
79
most difficult question
Who am i
80
Earky greek views on human ferson
I I P
Ionian
Italian
Pluralist
81
Gives emphasis on the cause of things
- Physicists
- Abstract and Objective thinking
- They used sensible substance in
order to explain reality
what tradition?
Ionian
82
Ionian tradition, people
T H
Thales of Miletus
Heraclitus
83
first man who objectively viewed the world in a material nonreligious way.
- There must be a primary substance that makes up everything (Water)
who is stated?
thales of miletus
84
First ever recorded businessman as well as the first speculative thinker. who is stated?
Thales of Miletus
85
Disagreed Thales’ belief about water because there is the presence of the “opposite.
Heraclitus
86
he foreshadowed the concept of evolution
heraclitus
87
Dogmatic
- Practical Men: involved in their
cities. (Important roles)
- Different direction from the Ionian
what tradition?
italian tradition
88
Parts of italian tradition
pythagoras
permeides
89
Thought of the study of mathematics. This is why for him, numbers are not just ultimate objects of reality but can be subjects of worship and mystical contemplation.
who is stated
pythagoras
90
There must be the presence of “stability” and reject the law of contradiction or opposing forces.
- All change is an illusion
- All multiplicity and changing forms
and motion are appearances
who stated these?
permeides
91
Pluralist Tradition people
E D
Empedocles
Democritus
92
theorized about the four elements that caused the existence of everything
who is stated?
Empedocles
93
Agreed with Parmenides about the “unity of all things”
- Everything is in the constant love and strife cycle
who is stated???
empedocles
94
Love is always overwhelming which causes the wonders of nature (springs and etc.)
who is stated?
empedocles
95
Presented the concept that everything is made up of “Atomic” particles
- In his philosophy, one can see the trend of scientific method.
who is stated?
democritus
96
this philosophy, are opinions and actions based on reason and knowledge rather than religious or emotioinal response.
rationalism
97
the fact that food is healthy is a reason to eat it. what philosophy?
Rationalism
98
essence, no path set for us to follow. what philosophy?
existentialism
99
we carve our own path, we are rponsible for creating our own purpose and meaning. what philosophy?
existentialism
100
the myth of sisyphus, what philosophhy?
existentialism
101
Ideas sare the only true reality, what philosophy?
idealism
102
Perceived thoughts are reality. what philosophy?
Idealism
103
Ideas of the mind rather than material objects. what philosophy?
Idealism
104
a world without poverty. what ism?
idealism
105
believes in the existance of objective reality. what ism?
Realism
106
“things as they are” what ism?
realism
107
physical objects are independent to the mind. what ism?
realism
108
Soul is the highest part of human person’s nature, whose ideology is this?
Plato
109
the soul and body is seperate, the soul originated from the universe while the body is from the world. whose idea is this?
Socrates
110
soul and body are interconnected. whose idea is stated?
aristotle
