Philosophical View Of The Self

Question 1

Name the 11 contributors for this unit.

Answer 1

1. Socrates
2. Plato
3. St. Augustine of Hippo
4. Rene Descartes
5. John Locke
6. David Hume
7. Immanuel Kant
8. Sigmund Freud
9. Gilbert Ryle
10. Paul Churchland
11. Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Question 2

Name the 2 (two) Greek philosophers.

Answer 2

Socrates
Plato

Question 3

“The soul is immortal.”

Answer 3

Socrates and Plato

Question 4

TRUE or FALSE.
For Socrates and Plato, the self was synonymous with the soul. Every human being, they believed, possessed an immortal soul that survived the body.

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

Dualistic View of The Self:

Material substance (physical body) &
Immaterial Substance (mind or soul)
are two separate aspects of the self.

Answer 5

Socrates & Plato

Question 6

“The soul has three components, REASON, PHYSICAL APPETITE, and SPIRIT (PASSION).” And these three components may work in concert or in opposition.

Answer 6

Plato

Question 7

[Plato] _________ - our divine essence that enables us to think deeply, make wise choices, and achieve a true understanding of eternal truths.

Answer 7

Reason

Question 8

[ Plato ] — basic biological need such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire.

Answer 8

Physical Appetite

Question 9

[ Plato ] — basic emotions such as love, anger, ambition, aggressiveness, empathy

Answer 9

Spirit or Passion

Question 10

A Philosopher of the Medieval Era

Answer 10

St. Augustine of Hippo

Question 11

Name the 5 (five) contributors of Modern Philosophy.

Answer 11

Rene Descartes
John Locke
David Hume
Immanuel Kant
Sigmund Freud

Question 12

Theory of Knowledge: Cogito, ergo sum. (I think therefore, I am.)

Answer 12

Rene Descartes

Question 13

“The self is a thinking thing distinct from the body.”

Answer 13

Rene Descartes

Question 14

TRUE or FALSE.

According to Descartes, the essence of existing as a human identity is the possibility of being aware of ourselves, thus HAVING SELF IDENTITY and being SELF-CONSCIOUS are mutually dependent on one another.

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

“The Self is consciousness.”

Answer 15

John Locke

Question 16

Empiricism ( All knowledge originates from our SENSE EXPERIENCE.)

Answer 16

John Locke

Question 17

“The essence of the self is its conscious awareness of itself as a THINKING, REASONING, REFLECTING identity.”

Answer 17

John Locke

Question 18

“The self is not tied to any particular body or substance, and it only exists in other times and places because of our MEMORY of those experiences.”

Answer 18

John Locke

Question 19

“There is no self.”

Answer 19

David Hume

Question 20

“The self is a ‘bundle of collection of different perceptions, which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidity and are in a perpetual flux and movement.’ “

Answer 20

David Hume

Question 21

“Mind is a theater, a container for fleeting sensations and disconnected ideas and our reasoning ability is merely a slave to the passions.”

Answer 21

David Hume

Question 22

“We construct the self.”

Answer 22

Immanuel Kant

Question 23

—against the idea of Hume that genuine knowledge and self do not exist

“Self is transcendental: it exists INDEPENDENTLY of experience. The self is product of reason because the self regulates experience by making unified experience possible.”

Answer 23

Immanuel Kant

Question 24

Unity of Consciousness — thoughts and perceptions of any given mind are bound together in a unity by being all contained in ONE CONSCIOUSNESS—MY consciousness.

Answer 24

Immanuel Kant

Question 25

The Unconscious Mind

Answer 25

Sigmund Freud

Question 26

___________ - the small amount of mental activity we know about

Answer 26

The Conscious

Question 27

Thoughts and Perceptions.

Answer 27

The Conscious

Question 28

__________ - things we could be aware of if we wanted or tried

Answer 28

The Subconscious

Question 29

Memories, Stored Knowledge

Answer 29

The Subconscious

Question 30

_________ - things we are unaware of and can not become aware of.

Answer 30

The Unconscious

Question 31

Instincts — sexual and aggressive Fears, Unacceptable Sexual Desires, Violent Motives, Irrational Wishes, Immoral Urges, Selfish Needs, Shameful Experiences, Traumatic Experiences

Answer 31

The Unconscious

Question 32

The ID is part of the unconscious mind and comprises the two instincts: ________ and __________.

Answer 32

Eros, Thanatos

Question 33

“The self is multi-layered.”

Answer 33

Sigmund Freud

Question 34

TRUE or FALSE. [Freud] The Unconscious Self is governed by the “pleasure principle”. Meanwhile, the Conscious Self is governed by the “reality principle”.

Answer 34

TRUE

Question 35

[ Freud ] There are two models of the mind—the Topographical and the Structural. Name the three components of each.

Answer 35

Topographical: Conscious, Pre-conscious, Unconscious Structural: ID, Ego, Superego

Question 36

TRUE or FALSE. According to Freud, the Ego develops during Oral Stage.

Answer 36

TRUE

Question 37

TRUE or FALSE. According to Freud, the Superego develops during the Phallic Stage.

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

Name the 4 (four) contributors in Contemporary Philosophy.

Answer 38

Gilbert Ryle Paul and Patricia Churchland Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Question 39

“The self is how you behave.”

Answer 39

Gilbert Ryle

Question 40

He debunked the myth of dualism.

Answer 40

Gilbert Ryle

Question 41

“ghost in the machine”

Answer 41

Gilbert Ryle

Question 42

“Our knowledge of other people’s mind can only be INFERENTIAL at best.”

Answer 42

Gilbert Ryle

Question 43

Category mistake — happens when we think of the self as existing apart from certain observable behaviors, a purely mental entity existing in time but not space; THE SELF DOES NOT REALLY EXIST! (Against Cartesian Dualism)

Answer 43

Gilbert Ryle

Question 44

“Self is a pattern of behavior, the tendency or disposition for a person to behave in a certain way in certain circumstances. “

Answer 44

Gilbert Ryle

Question 45

“The self is the brain.”

Answer 45

P&P Churchland

Question 46

“It is a radical claim that our ordinary common sense understanding of the mind is wrong and that some o all of the mental states posited by common sense do not actually exist.”

Answer 46

Churchland

Question 47

“The self is embodied subjectivity.”

Answer 47

Merleau-Ponty

Question 48

“The study of SELF is a unique form of inquiry—both the OBJECT and the SUBJECT. Who studies the mind? The mind itself.”

Answer 48

Martin Buber

Question 49

“Life is a journey, man is a traveler.”

Answer 49

John Ruskin

Question 50

3 fundamental questions in understanding who we are:

Answer 50

Identity, Origin, Destiny

Question 51

3 ways to better understand the self:

Answer 51

1. Judeo-Christian 2 Philosophical 3. Scientific

Question 52

Philosophy stems from the words _____ and ________ which means love and wisdom respectively.

Answer 52

philo, sophia

Question 53

“Philosophy is a stubborn attempt to think clearly. —human search for meaning in life”

Answer 53

William James

Question 54

“Man is the measure of all things.”

Answer 54

Protagoras

Question 55

“The soul is imprisoned in the body.”

Answer 55

Plato

Question 56

“The self is a great mystery.”

Answer 56

St. Augustine of Hippo

Question 57

“DOUBTING requires courage and is the start of knowledge.”

Answer 57

Rene Descartes

Question 58

Self: Mind & Body

Answer 58

Cartesian Dualism