Philosophy: Beginning & Ancient Period

Question 1

Define Philisophy

Answer 1

The use of rational, reflective method for attempting to get at the most basic underlying principles and to discover normative criteria

Question 2

Who coined philosophia?

Answer 2

Pythagoras, said by Aristotle

Question 3

Philosophia came from two gk words

Answer 3

Philos - love
Sophos -wisdom

Philosophy - love of wisdom

Question 4

Is a lover of wisdom

Answer 4

Philosopher

Question 5

In the early times, those lovers of wisdom are interested in discovering the ultimate basis of things, not according to religious beliefs but according to what and what?

Answer 5

Reason and observation

Question 6

Before there was philosophy which was based on logos, there was what?

Answer 6

Mythos

Question 7

This is the certain way of thinking that placed the world in the context of it supernatural origins; Beliefs in gods and goddesses

Answer 7

Mythos

Question 8

Explained worldly things by tracing them to exceptional, sometimes sacred, events that cause the world to be as it is now

Answer 8

Mythos

Question 9

For the Greeks events are caused by acts of the gods where?

Answer 9

Mt. Olympus

Question 10

It gradually replaced Mythos

Answer 10

Logos

Question 11

Refers to reason, thinking, study. It also means word, or speech.

Answer 11

Logos

Question 12

Logic derived from the Greek word what?

Answer 12

Logos

Question 13

Philosophers started with what?

Answer 13

Wonder

Question 14

What are the two task sof Philosophers?

Answer 14

Analyzing - taking apart - love

Synthesizing - putting together - strife

Question 15

They’re also called as Ionians

Answer 15

Milesians

Question 16

A seaport, located across the Aegean Sea from Athens, on the western shores of Ionia in Asia Minor

Answer 16

Miletus

Question 17

Who are the Milesians?

Answer 17

Thales
Anaximander
Anaximenes

Question 18

The ancient period was what and it was focused on what?

Answer 18

Cosmocentric; focused on World

Question 19

Why are the Presocratics called as such?

Answer 19

• lived before Socrates

- they are naturalists: focused on world/nature rather than man

Question 20

He began the practice of inquiring about the nature of things

Answer 20

Thales

Question 21

He was the first recorded to answer the question “what is the world made of?”

Answer 21

Thales

Question 22

He believes that water is the basic element because it is found everywhere

Answer 22

Thales

Question 23

He is also known as the father of Philosophy

Answer 23

Thales

Question 24

What are the two things that Thales’ theory needs

Answer 24

Reason & Observation

Question 25

He said that the basic stuff is not water nor any other specific element. Because water is limited, so it can't be the source.

Answer 25

Anaximander

Question 26

Student of Thales

Answer 26

Anaximander

Question 27

Anaximander believes that it is the basic element of the world

Answer 27

Apeiron

Question 28

What is Apeiron

Answer 28

Boundless; indeterminate; or infinite

Question 29

Believes that the basic stuff is air, something more widespread than water and holds everything else

Answer 29

Anaximenes

Question 30

He believes that the world is not made up of just one element because these elements cannot be formed from one another

Answer 30

Empedocles

Question 31

What are the four elements?

Answer 31

Earth, water, air, fire

Question 32

What are the forces that make the four elements combine and disintegrate?

Answer 32

Love and Strife

Question 33

He believes that all things are numbers because all has numerical values

Answer 33

Pythagoras

Question 34

He discovered the ratios of concordance between musical sound and number

Answer 34

Pythagoras

Question 35

What is the nationality of Pythagoras?

Answer 35

Italian

Question 36

According to Pythagoras, what is the meaning of Kosmos?

Answer 36

Order

Question 37

What is the most orderly thing in the universe

Answer 37

Universe

Question 38

It is a mathematical harmony of the universe

Answer 38

Doctrine of the "Music of the Spheres"

Question 39

What did Heraclitus said? And what does it mean?

Answer 39

"Panta Rei!" | -everything changes but change itself

Question 40

It is what holds up everything the changes, said by Heraclitus -it makes us identical even if we're the same

Answer 40

Logos

Question 41

He believes that the basic characteristic of the world is change

Answer 41

Heraclitus

Question 42

He believes that fire is the element of the world, multiplicity

Answer 42

Heraclitus

Question 43

He believes that nothing ever changes

Answer 43

Parmenides

Question 44

Parmenides said that

Answer 44

Nothing come out from nothing = motion is not possible

Question 45

He is from Elea, Italy and built the Elean School

Answer 45

Parmenides

Question 46

Believes that reality is just one; the many is an illusion

Answer 46

Parmenides

Question 47

Believes that reality is like a river; one cannot cross the same river twice.

Answer 47

Heraclitus

Question 48

Believes that you cannot step on the same river once

Answer 48

Parmenides

Question 49

He believes that you should follow your mind (truth) not your senses (illusion)

Answer 49

Parmenides

Question 50

Parmenides said that the most-evident truth is that?

Answer 50

"It is" / being -everywhere is being

Question 51

Those who hold that all things are made up or reducible to only one stuff

Answer 51

Monists

Question 52

Is those who hold that the ultimate reality is composed of plurality of things, not just one

Answer 52

Pluralists

Question 53

Differentiate Monists & Pluralists

Answer 53

Monists - believes in 1 reality | Pluralists - believes in many realities

Question 54

Give Monists

Answer 54

Thales Anaximander Anaximenes Parmenides

Question 55

Give Pluralists

Answer 55

Pythagoras Heraclitus Empedocles Anaxagoras

Question 56

He believes that everything is made of infinite seeds

Answer 56

Anaxagoras

Question 57

The belief that everything is made of infinite seeds

Answer 57

Panspermia

Question 58

Seed came from what Gk word

Answer 58

Sperma

Question 59

Said that, "In all things, there is a portion of everything..."

Answer 59

Anaxagoras

Question 60

Anaxagoras said that the movement of these seeds is governed by what?

Answer 60

Nous (mind)

Question 61

Believes that everything is made of atoms

Answer 61

Leucippus and Democritus

Question 62

Basic solid building blocks of nature

Answer 62

Atoms

Question 63

Atoms came from what word?

Answer 63

Atomos - indivisible

Question 64

Does Democritus believe in spirits?

Answer 64

No, because spirits are not materials and they don't have atoms. And atoms are materials.

Question 65

Believes that man is basis/measure of all things

Answer 65

Protagoras

Question 66

Two Eleatics

Answer 66

Parmenides | Zeno

Question 67

Two Atomists

Answer 67

Democritus | Leucippus

Question 68

What is the meaning of principium?

Answer 68

Beginning

Question 69

Greeks' flight to what is the principium of Philisophy

Answer 69

Logos

Question 70

The ideas of Presocratics are synthesized by whom?

Answer 70

Plato and Aristotle