Philosophy lecture 5

Question 1

What is Islamic Philosophy?

Answer 1

Islamic philosophy refers to the integration of religious, rational, and practical perspectives in understanding knowledge and education.

Question 2

What are Three Perspectives in Islamic Philosophy:

Answer 2

i. Conservative-Religious (الفقهي-الديني)
ii. Pragmatic (الواقعي -النفعي)
iii. Rational-Philosophical (الفلسفي العقلي)

Question 3

What is Conservative-Religious (الفقهي-الديني) ?

Answer 3

Focus on religious teachings (e.g., Al-Ghazali).

Question 4

What is Pragmatic (الواقعي -النفعي)?

Answer 4

Emphasis on practical and beneficial knowledge.

Question 5

What is Rational-Philosophical (الفلسفي العقلي) ?

Answer 5

Rational thinking in education (e.g., Ibn Rushd, Ibn Tufail, Al-Kindi).

Question 6

What are some key thinkers in Islamic philosophy?

Answer 6

Al-Ghazali
Ibn Rushd & Ibn Tufail
Ikhwan Al-Safa
Ibn Khaldun

Question 7

Explain Al-Ghazali

Answer 7

Religious explanation of education.

Question 8

Explain Ibn Rushd & Ibn Tufail

Answer 8

Emphasized rational thought.

Question 9

Explain Ikhwan Al-Safa

Answer 9

Group of scholars focusing on individual development and rationality.

Question 10

Explain Ibn Khaldun

Answer 10

Used knowledge for the advancement of the Islamic nation.

Question 11

What are 3 core concepts in Islamic philosophy?

Answer 11

i. Metaphysics (Reality)
ii. Epistemology (Knowledge)
iii. Axiology (Values)

Question 12

Explain Metaphysics (Reality)

Answer 12

• Oneness of Allah – The universe is unified, purposeful, and interdependent.
• Human nature (Fitrah/الفطرة) – Humans are naturally inclined to recognize Allah.
• Man as Allah’s vicegerent (خليفة) – People have a duty to uphold justice and virtue.

Question 13

Explain Epistemology (Knowledge)

Answer 13

• Knowledge is spiritual, intellectual, and religious.
• Man is composed of mind and spirit.
• Islamic education covers all fields of knowledge.

Question 14

Explain Axiology (Values)

Answer 14

• Religious values guide both the individual and society.
• Emphasis on purity, justice, and peace.

Question 15

Name 6 principles of education in Islam

Answer 15

i. Understanding Islam
Deep knowledge is necessary for proper application.

ii. Role of Rationality
Encourages critical thinking and scientific inquiry.

iii. Faith is a Personal Matter
Education should not judge others’ beliefs.

iv. Reflection on Allah’s Creation
Encourages contemplation of the universe.

v. Direct Connection with Allah
No religious authority controls education.

vi. Tolerance
Education fosters respect and peaceful co-existence.

(Based on Al-Azhar philosopher Mohammed Abdo.)

Question 16

Explain Understanding Islam

Answer 16

Deep knowledge is necessary for proper application.

Question 16

Explain Role of Rationality

Answer 16

Encourages critical thinking and scientific inquiry.

Question 16

Explain Faith is a Personal Matter

Answer 16

Education should not judge others’ beliefs.

Question 16

Explain Reflection on Allah’s Creation

Answer 16

Encourages contemplation of the universe.

Question 16

Explain Direct Connection with Allah

Answer 16

No religious authority controls education.

Question 17

Explain Tolerance

Answer 17

Education fosters respect and peaceful co-existence.

Question 18

What is the purpose of education in Islam?

Answer 18

• The ultimate goal is to know and worship Allah.

Question 18

Islamic education aims to develop individuals with:

Answer 18

• Faith (Iman)
• Righteousness (Taqwa)
• Tolerance and Brotherhood
• Moral Responsibility
• Balanced Life and Afterlife Perspective

Question 19

The curriculum in Islamic education is based on…

Answer 19

the Quran and Sunnah.

Question 20

The curriculum in Islamic education includes both religious and intellectual subjects, such as:

Answer 20

* Arabic & Persian * Grammar & Literature * Logic & Philosophy * History & Geography * Medicine & Agriculture

Question 21

Who are 2 key thinkers in Islamic education?

Answer 21

1. Al-Ghazali (Learning through practical application and divine guidance) 2. Ibn Khaldun (Stressed reasoning and critical thinking)

Question 22

Teachers are seen as

Answer 22

guardians of knowledge

Question 23

Explain Islamic ethics in teaching for classroom management in Islamic education.

Answer 23

Teachers should display humility, honesty, and commitment.

Question 24

Explain learning environment in classroom management in islamic education

Answer 24

Based on love, respect, and guidance rather than control.

Question 25

What is the role of teacher in Islamic education?

Answer 25

* Are inheritors of prophetic knowledge. * Should demonstrate strong Islamic ethics. * Guide students rather than control them.

Question 26

What is the role of student in Islamic education?

Answer 26

* Are seekers of knowledge. * Must display commitment to learning. * Are encouraged to reflect on the universe and its purpose.

Question 27

Name 3 evaluation in Islamic Education

Answer 27

i. Formative Evaluation ii. Behavior Observation iii. Self reflection and critical thinking

Question 27

Explain Formative Evaluation

Answer 27

Focuses on the learning process.

Question 27

Explain Behaviour Observation

Answer 27

Evaluates moral and ethical development.

Question 28

Explain self reflection and critical thinking

Answer 28

Encouraged through questioning and reasoning

Question 29

What are 4 Challenges in Islamic Education?

Answer 29

* Do Muslim teachers uphold Islamic ethics? * Is education still valued as emphasized in Islamic philosophy? * Is there a conflict between Western education models and Islamic values? * Are Muslim education systems influenced by Western methods?

Question 30

Etymology....Islam means?

Answer 30

peace, submission, and knowledge.

Question 31

What is metaphysics?

Answer 31

The belief in God, angels, prophets, resurrection, and destiny.

Question 32

What are the five pillars of Islam?

Answer 32

Shahadah, prayer, fasting, zakat, and hajj.

Question 33

What are the educational aims of Islamic education?

Answer 33

Character building, religious devotion, and balanced knowledge.

Question 34

What is the Organization of Islamic Education?

Answer 34

Bismillah Ritual – Initiation of learning at a young age. Maktab (Primary School) – Basic religious education. Madrasa (Higher Education) – Advanced Islamic studies.

Question 35

What are the methods of teaching in Islam?

Answer 35

Memory-Based Learning – Recitation and memorization. Reading & Writing – Strengthening literacy. Oral Discussions – Encouraging debate and reasoning. Experience-Based Learning – Application of knowledge in real life.

Question 36

What are 3 roles of the teacher in Islamic Education

Answer 36

* Teachers were viewed as holy persons. * Developed students' personalities using various methods. * Emphasized character building through role modeling.

Question 37

Give 4 Educational Implications

Answer 37

Education is sacred as it was Allah himself who educated the first man. More emphasis on reading and writing. Education is a continuous process. Education is not restricted to what went within the school.