Philosophy of Science Flashcards
(56 cards)
Types of Data Collection
Ex: “Why do you prefer to use cloth masks vs surgical masks?”
QUALITATIVE DATA
Types of Data Collection
Provide a deep understanding of how people perceive their social realities, and in consequence, how they act within the social world.
QUALITATIVE DATA
Types of Data Collection
Statistics help turn quantitative data into useful information that is crucial for decision making.
QUANTITATIVE DATA
Types of Data Collection
Scientifically objective and rational.
QUANTITATIVE DATA
Types of Data Collection
Ex: Why do you prefer to use cloth masks vs surgical masks? Choose only 1.
a. Environmentally friendly
b. Cost-effective
c. Fashionable
d. Reusable
e. It’s the only mask available near me.
QUALITATIVE DATA
Types of Data Collection
Laboratory and field experimentations, rating scales, closed survey questions such as “Yes” or “No” which can have numerical categories.
QUANTITATIVE DATA
Types of Data Collection
Diary accounts, in-depth interviews, documents, focus groups, case study research, and ethnography, open-ended surveys.
QUALITATIVE DATA
TRUE OR FALSE
If the same result can be consistently achieved by using the same methods under the same circumstances, the measurement is considered reliable.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
If research has high validity, that means it produces results that correspond to real properties, characteristics, and variations in the physical or social world.
TRUE
________ refers to how accurately a method measures what it is intended to measure.
Validity
_____________ is one indicator that a measurement is valid. If a method is not reliable, it probably isn’t valid.
High reliability
____________ refers to how consistently a method measures something.
Reliability
Reliability vs. Validity
RELATION
A reliable measurement is not always valid: the results might be reproducible, but they’re not necessarily correct.
Reliability
Reliability vs. Validity
ASSESSMENT
By checking the consistency of results across time, across different observers, and across parts of the test itself.
Reliability
Reliability vs. Validity
DEFINITION
The extent to which the result can be reproduced when the research is repeated under the same conditions.
Reliability
Reliability vs. Validity
ASSESSMENT
By checking how well the results correspond to established theories and other measures of the same concept.
Validity
Reliability vs. Validity
RELATION
A valid measurement is generally reliable: if a test produces accurate results, they should be reproducible.
Validity
Reliability vs. Validity
DEFINITION
The extent to which the results really measure what they are supposed to measure.
Validity
How do we prevent the spread of misinformation?
Always remember CRAAP!!
_________ – is the information current?
_________ – is the information important?
_________ – who is the author/ publisher/ sponsor of the news?
_________ – is the information supported by evidence? Does the author cite credible sources? Is the information verifiable in other places?
_________ – What is the purpose of this news?
Currency;
Relevance;
Authority;
Accuracy;
Purpose
______________ – Does the article seem to lean toward a particular point of view? Does it link to sites, files, or images that seem to skew left or right? Biased articles may not be giving you the whole story.
Look for Bias
_______________ – Is the author specialized in the field that the article is concerned with? Does s/he currently work in that field? Check LinkedIn or do a quick Google search to see if the author can speak about the subject with authority and accuracy.
Check Credentials
________________ – When an article cites sources, it’s good to check them out. Sometimes, official-sounding associations are really biased think tanks or represent only a fringe view of a large group of people. If you can’t find sources, read as much about the topic as you can to get a feel for what’s already out there and decide for yourself if the article is accurate or not.
Check the Sources
_______________ – If what you’re reading seems too good to be true, or too weird, or too reactionary, it probably is.
Judge Hard
_______________ – Like eggs and milk, information can have an expiration date. In many cases, use the most up-to-date information you can find.
Check the Dates
