Phlebotomy I Flashcards by Melissa Patrick

What is SPS or Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate?

Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate is an anticoagulant that reduces action of protein called complement, which destroys bacteria.

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What is ACD or Acid Citrate Dextrose?

Acid citrate dextrose is an anticoagulant solution available in two formulations (solution A and solution B) for immunohematology tests which are used in paternity evaluation and to determine transplant compatibility.

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What is vehicle transmission?

Vehicle transmission is transmission of pathogens by an inanimate reservoir (food, water, air).

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Define golgi apparatus

Golgi apparatus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It plays a crucial role in processing and sorting proteins and lipids for transport within the cell or for secretion outside the cell.

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When is an 8-hour urine sample collected?

Immediately after a patient awakens.

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Define urethra

Urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

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If the phlebotomist has made two unsuccessful attempts to draw blood from a patient, the next step should be to _________.

Call for another phlebotomist or notify the physician.

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When is an automatic incision device used?

Bleeding time punctures

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The spin time in general for centrifugation is approximately how long?

Ten minutes

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What is the usual angle for a venous puncture?

15-30 degrees

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The best place to collect capillary blood samples are where?

On either the 3rd or 4th finger on the non-dominant hand.

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Define thrombosed veins

Thrombosed veins are veins that lack resilience, feel cord-like, and roll easily.

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What conditions can be detected using a hydrogen breath test?

Lactose intolerance, fructose malabsorption, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.

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When are butterfly syringes used?

Butterfly syringes are used to draw blood from patients with small, fragile, or hard-to-access veins.

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What POCT device is the only test that requires NOT wiping the first drop of blood away before collecting the capillary specimen?

Blood coagulation monitor

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Define hemolysis

In phlebotomy, hemolysis is the breakdown or bursting of red blood cells (erythrocytes) within a blood sample. This occurs when the red blood cell membrane is damaged, releasing its contents, including hemoglobin, into the serum or plasma. This can happen during the venipuncture procedure, sample handling, or even during storage.

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Define extravascular interchange

The components from samples changing because of substance movement between cells and plasma.

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After centrifuging blood, where will plasma be found in the used test tube?

After centrifuging blood, plasma will be found in the top of the test tube.

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Define autoclave

Autoclaves, also known as steam sterilizers, use a combination of wet heat, pressure, and time to sterilize materials.

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What additive is in a royal blue top tube?

EDTA is the additive is a royal blue top tube.

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What colour tube is used for trace element analysis?

Royal blue top tube is used for trace element analysis.

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What colour tube is used for toxicology screening?

Royal blue top tube is used for toxicology screening.

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What is the correct order of draw?

Blood Culture Tubes or Vials
Coagulation Tubes (Blue-Top Tubes)
Serum Tubes without Clot
Activator or Gel (Red-Top tubes)
Serum Tubes with Clot Activator or Gel (Gold or Tiger Top Tubes)
Heparin Tubes (Green-
Top Tubes)
EDTA Tubes (Lavender-
Top Tubes)
Oxalate/Fluoride Tubes (Gray-Top Tubes)

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Define concentration changes

Concentration changes are a type of processing problem that is associated with changes in drawn blood due to evaporation or dilution.

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What is an SST?

An SST is a serum separator tube (gold-topped tube).

What is one reason to do a timed sample?

One reason to do a timed sample is to be able to measure the body's ability to metabolise a particular substance.

Why are bandages usually avoided in children younger than two years old?

They pose a choking hazard.

What are two reasons to do a timed sample?

Two reasons to do a timed sample are to monitor changes in a patient's condition, and to determine blood levels of medications.

What should be the initial action if a vein collapses during a blood draw?

If a vein collapses the initial action one should take is to apply pressure above the venipuncture site.

Define antecubiital

The space in front of the elbow. It contains four main structures: the median nerve, the radial nerve, the brachial artery, and the tendon of biceps brachii.

Using a sufficient number of sharps containers reduces the risk of needle injuries occurring from what actions?

1. Decanting of used sharps containers. 2. Needle recapping. 3. Overfilled sharps containers.

What does petechiae indicate?

Possible clotting problems

Define median cubital vein

The median cubital vein is usually the preferred vein because it's more stable, less likely to roll, and the skin above it is less sensitive. However, it can be difficult to find in people who are obese or have low blood pressure.

What happens if fibrin formation occurs in an SST?

It may interfere with the gel barrier formation.

Define petechiae

Petechiae is pinpoint purple or red spots from minute hemorrhages under the skin.

Why should samples be kept in an upright position?

Keeping the samples in an upright position aids in clot formation when necessary and helps prevent hemolysis.

Vacutainers for paternity testing and DNA studies would have which colour top?

Vacutainers for paternity testing would be yellow top tubes.

When is the hand used for venipuncture?

The hand is used for venipuncture only when the antecubital vessels of both arms are inaccessible.

What veins are most used for venipuncture?

The median cubital, cephalic, and basilic veins in the antecubital fossa of the upper arm are most used for venipuncture.

What additive is in a yellow top tube?

Acid citrate dextrose (ACD)

What colour tube is used for DNA testing?

Yellow top tube is used for DNA testing.

What colour tube is used for liver function testing?

Yellow top tube is used for liver function testing

What colour tube is used for lipid profiles?

Yellow top tube

Where could the fibrinogen be found?

The fibrinogen could be found in plasma.

An impatient employee opens a centrifuge while it is still active. This can result in what?

Aerosolization of hazardous specimens.

Which is true about proper storage of blood samples?

All blood samples are sensitive to heat.

What information is placed on a specimen?

The patient's full name, date of birth, date and time of collection, the initials of the phlebotomist who collected the sample, and sometimes the patient's medical record number or unique identifier, depending on the facility's protocol.

What is the difference between serum and plasma?

Plasma comes from blood that has anticoagulants and includes clotting factors, while serum is what you get after blood has clotted and the clot is removed.

Define heparin

An anticoagulant commonly used to prevent blood clotting during medical tests and procedures. In phlebotomy, heparin is often added to blood collection tubes to maintain sample integrity for specific tests, ensuring accurate results. It is a standard anticoagulant in many clinical and laboratory settings.

When transporting specimens, cold packs are used for what?

To keep specimens fresh and control their temperature.

What is the primary role of anticoagulants in relation to clots in the veins?

To prevent blood clotting.

Which blood test is critical to check prior to administering a bleeding test?

Platelet count

What does it mean when there is no flash of blood in a butterfly collection system during venipuncture?

That the needle may not be correctly inserted into the vein.

What additive is in a light green top tube?

Lithium heparin is the additive in a light green top tube.

Define buffy coat

Buffy coat is the layer of cells in an anticoagulant tube of blood that is positioned between the red blood cells and the plasma layers.

The use of povidine-iodine for site preparation can lead to a false increase in ___________ levels.

Potassium, phosphorus, or uric acid levels.

Where is the cephalic vein located?

In the antecubital area of the arm, on the outside of the arm. It is considered the second choice for venipuncture.

What leukocyte is first to respond to an infection?

Neutrophils

During intense exercise, how do arteries adjust for increased blood flow?

Vasodilation increases lumen size.

A timed glucose test is scheduled for 2 hours after a glucose load. If the glucose load was given at 10:15 AM, when should the specimen be drawn?

12:15 PM, scheduled two hours after the glucose load.

What tests is a light green top vacutainer used for?

Used for chemistry tests that require plasma, such as electrolyte tests and enzymatic assays.

Phlebotomy I Flashcards

(61 cards)