Phobias + Appraoches Flashcards
(14 cards)
What are the three types of phobias?
Specific (object/animal), social (setting/speaking/group), agoraphobia (public spaces)
How are phobias formed through classical conditioning?
Phobias are formed by the association of a neutral stimulus with an unconditional stimulus, leading to a conditioned phobia.
What role does operant conditioning play in phobias?
Operant conditioning causes negative reinforcement through avoidance, which reinforces the fear.
What is the real-world application for treating phobias?
Exposure therapies utilize the Two Process Model by exposing individuals to the phobic stimulus instead of negatively reinforcing avoidance.
What cognitive aspects are not accounted for in phobia explanations?
Phobia explanations do not account for cognitive aspects, such as phobic cognitions and not just avoidance responses.
What does the Little Albert study demonstrate about phobias?
The Little Albert study shows that a frightening experience with a stimulus can develop an associated phobia.
What did Ad De Jongh et al (2006) find regarding dental phobia?
73% of individuals with a fear of dental treatment had experienced a traumatic experience, mostly involving dentistry, compared to 21% in a control group.
Do all phobias follow a bad experience?
Not all phobias follow a bad experience; some common phobias exist in populations without traumatic experiences.
What is the role of social learning theory in phobias?
Social learning theory suggests that phobias can be developed through indirect learning and imitation of role models.
What is biological preparedness in relation to phobias?
Biological preparedness refers to a predisposition for certain phobias without trauma, passed down through genetics.
How does avoidance reinforce phobias?
Avoidance acts as negative reinforcement to reduce anxiety, thereby reinforcing the phobia.
How can a bad driving experience lead to a phobia?
A bad experience, such as a crash, can create anxiety and fear when driving or seeing cars due to classical conditioning.
What is the Two Process Model in relation to phobias?
The Two Process Model, proposed by Mowrer in 1960, suggests that classical and operant conditioning are connected in the maintenance and creation of phobias.
How does classical conditioning relate to a car phobia?
A neutral stimulus, like a car, can become associated with a negative experience, such as a crash, leading to avoidance of cars.
