Phon. Proc. Mod 1 Exam 2

Question 1

Stimulability

Answer 1

ability of a child to accurately produce a speech sound when provided with appropriate cues or instruction.

Question 2

Stimulability Testing

Answer 2

testing ability to produce misarticulated sound when cued or stimulated

Question 3

Inventory of Speech Sounds

Answer 3

list of speech sounds can be articulated within normal limits

Question 4

Delayed imitation

Answer 4

diagnostic technique where a speech sound is given, then a delay period, then cued to imitate

Question 5

Distribution of Speech Sounds:

Answer 5

the norm and aberrant articulations occurred within a word

Question 6

Phonetic Context

Answer 6

sound that precedes or follows the target phoneme. Sound can change based on phonetic context

Question 7

Intelligibility

Answer 7

how well child is understood by listeners (%)

Question 8

Auditory discrimination

Answer 8

done with clients that show collapse of 2 or more phonemic contrasts into a single sound. Shows if they can tell the diff between sounds

Question 9

Miccio Probe

Answer 9

standardized too to assess phonological awareness skills. Tests blending, segmenting, and manip.

Question 10

Phonological Awareness

Answer 10

aware of syllables, rhymes, and phonemes.

Question 11

Phonetic Placement Method

Answer 11

learn correct articulation and production of speech sounds.

Question 12

Auditory Stimulation/Imitation

Answer 12

listening to and imitating correct models of speech sounds. Helps with perception

Question 13

Sound Modification Method

Answer 13

uses sounds that the client makes and corrects them

Question 14

Minimal Pair Contrast Therapy

Answer 14

use of pairs of words that differ by one phoneme. Generalization will occur later

Question 15

Minimal Opposition

Answer 15

beginning unit in therapy, sounds differ in one to two prod. features, substitution, for clients who substitute and are stem. for one phoneme (stop, front, FCD)

Question 16

Maximal Oppositions

Answer 16

beginning unit in therapy, choose sounds that are very different, for clients who present with moderate to sever phon. disorders

Question 17

Multiple Oppositions

Answer 17

collapse of multiple phonemes, several sounds within 1 phoneme collapse, for reverse speech disorders and demonstrate a collapse of phonemic contracts that incorporate several sounds

Question 18

Phon. Process Therapy

Answer 18

phon. process is selected and minimal pair contrasts are employed. For persistent of only a limited # of phonological processes

Question 19

Cycles Training

Answer 19

phon patterns that are to be remediated are trained successively during specific time periods (cycles)

Question 20

Screening

Answer 20

activities/tests for those who need further eval./can be formal/informal/gives initial impression but no diagn

Question 21

Evaluation

Answer 21

activities/tests gather data

Question 22

Choosing a Test

Answer 22

age/dev. level, availability, clinician pref. or a.d, stand. scores, analysis, inclusion of sounds /artic vs phon./misartic vs patterns (phon. processes)

Question 23

Articulation Test

Answer 23

consonants tested by spontaneous naming of pictures/A. easy to administer/A. short time/A. quantifiable incorrect/A. several tests=stand. scores/D. isolated words/D. not enough info about phon.system/no total inventory/D. phonetic context not used

Question 24

Errors during Artic Test

Answer 24

Substitution, omission, distortion (narrow, 1-3 severity, 2 way), addition

Question 25

What Influences Intelligibility

Answer 25

errors, type of errors (mult. pattern occurrence, omissions, idiosyncratic patterns), consist. of errors, frequency of occurrence of error sounds in a language

Question 26

Articulatory Complexity

Answer 26

length, position, syllable structure, stress, coarticulation, familiarity/high frequency

Question 27

Prognosis

Answer 27

stimulability, consistency of errors, types of errors, frequency of occurrence, PCC, overall intelligibility, sensory-perceptual skills, motor skills

Question 28

Evaluation/Assessment

Answer 28

case history (E. medical, family, and dev. history, hearing screening (E. pure tone audiometry and right and left), oral mech exam (M. structure and func. of oral mech and symmetry, lips, tongue, teeth, palate), language test (M. as need), artic/phon test (stimu. test, speech/lang. sample (E. convers. and narrative sample)

Question 29

Levels of Treatment

Answer 29

isolation, nonsense syllables, words, structured contexts (phrases/sent.), spont. speech

Question 30

Easy Isolation

Answer 30

fricatives (/f//v//θ//ð/ /s//z/ /ʃ//ʒ/ /h/), glides (/w//j/), liquids (/l//r/)

Question 31

Goals

Answer 31

long range targets and obj. are short term targets

Question 32

Objectives

Answer 32

describe what client is expected to do in observable, measurable terms

Question 33

Word Cards

Answer 33

words-minimal unit of prod. word cards-picture, monosyllabic and incorporate facilitative phonetic environments (sounds together), object and action words pref., approp. for vocal level of child

Question 34

Behavioral Objectives

Answer 34

Do Statement: specific action client is expects to preform (action verbs). Condition: condition client will preform the action, prompting vs independence, spontaneous?, conversational speech. Criterion: level at which behavior must be performed in order to achieve objective (8/10 trials, 75% of opportunities in 30 min session, 9/10 spoken sent.)

Question 35

Artic Disorder

Answer 35

inability produce certain speech sounds

Question 36

Phon Disorder

Answer 36

dif. phonemic level in language (more severe)

Question 37

Motor Speech Disorders

Answer 37

Cerebral Palsy: Spasticity, Ataxia and Dyskinesias (respiratory dif., laryngeal dysfunction, nasality, articulatory defic.). Apraxia : inapprop. prosody, more errors, (consonant clusters, fricatives, affricates), unusual errors, large % omission errors, dif. prod./maint. approp. voicing, vowel/diphthong errors, dif. sequencing SS and syll., dif. nasality and nasal emission, groping and silent posturing, prosodic impairment, dif. identify rhymes and syllables) Dysarthria: presence of muscular weakness, change in muscular tone sec. to neuro. involve., respiration, phon, reson., and artic affected, speech errors result from disruption of the central and peripheral NS control of muscular movements, consistent, predictable, artic errors

Question 38

Treatment for Artic Errors

Answer 38

instruction of how to move articulators, progress form one sound to the next, may use auditory disc. tasks. assumes minimal competency and move to next stage when certain level of accuracy is achieved (80-90%)

Question 39

Treatment for Phon Errors

Answer 39

phon process selected and minimal pair contrast therapy (word that differ by one phoneme), cycles training (pick several sounds in a cycle)

Question 40

Artic Intervention

Answer 40

behavioral, phonemes trained in steps of linguistic complexity, longitudinal Phon Intervention: treating error patterns, starting with earliest dev. pattern in error, linguistic based, horizontal