Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Phonetics > Phonetics 3 > Flashcards

Phonetics 3 Flashcards

(77 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

syllable

A

‘lettergreep’ in pronunciation; consists of a at least peak sometimes followed by a coda or preceeded by an onset.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

onset

A

all phonemes before the peak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

peak

A

vowel of a syllable. (Could be the whole syllable!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

coda

A

all phonemes after the peak.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Differences coda AN - RP

A
  • (AN) Only obstruents fortis can be found in a coda (p, t, k, f, s etc) unless followed by ‘schwa’ (bijv. eten/Ede)<=> (RP) all pairs of obstruents can be found in coda.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

phonemic duration

A

The length of pronunciation of a phoneme. You have 3 options: Short (S), Long (L) or Intermediate (i).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

allophonic duration

A

Difference in duration is determined by phonological context. Either: I, II, IIII. In AN determined by the use of /r/ => biet / bier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pre-fortis clipping

A

Shortened duration (twice as short) of a vowel or voiced portion when followed by a fortis obstruent in comparison to being followed by a lenis obstruent (beat - bead / kilt, false - form, lambs). Both stressed + unstressed syllables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

tense vowels <=> lax vowels

A

Short <=> Long duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Duration of a syllable

A

Phonemically short = 1 (I) short allophone = x0 long allophone = x2 phonemically long = 2 (II)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Intermediate + fortis obstruent

A

= phonemically short

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

intermediate + all other obstruents

A

= phonemically long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

voiced portion

A

vowel or vowel + sonorant = syllable peak + any sonorant consonants in syllable coda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

rhyme

A

The vowel in the middle of a syllable, and any sounds after it in the syllable = peak + coda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sonorants (7)

A

n, m, ng, l, r, j, w

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

fortis (8)

A

p, t, k, f, θ, s, ʃ, h

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pronunciation words, clue & help /æ/

A

= pet, hat, sat (AN= sta a a a ak) = open mouth!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

describe AN /i/ (rits)

A
  • Front - close - unrounded
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

describe AN /e/ (eer)

A
  • front - mid-close - unrounded
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

describe AN /ɛ/ = (ets)

A
  • front - mid-open - unrounded
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

describe AN /a/ (Aad)

A
  • front - open - unrounded
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

describe AN /u/ (Oek)

A
  • back - close - rounded
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

describe AN /o/ (oor)

A
  • back - mid-close - rounded
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

describe AN /ɔ/ = (catastrofe)

A
  • back - mid-open - rounded
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
describe AN /ɑ/ (ach)
- back - open - unrounded
26
production monothongs
More or less stationary tongue and lip position
27
production diphthongs
Movement of the tongue = tongue glide + possible lip position change.
28
first element
Starting position of a diphthongal glide (= diphthong element)
29
second element
Target of the diphthongal glide (=Arrow)
30
D (diphthongal box)
To express a change in lip position (unrounded to rounded) If backwards =\> rounded to unrounded
31
describe RP /i:/ (piece/sea)
- front - close - unrounded AN (dealen) either too long (beat, belief) or too short (see, bead, believe) AN (file) naive Dutch speakers
32
diphthongised /i:/
Ex: E, seed, sneeze - centralised front - almost close - unrounded - moving to /i/ = more close, more front
33
describe RP /i/ (sit)
- centralised front - mid-close - unrounded AN= usually no problems (left next to RP) AN= stammering E E E E E R
34
describe RP /u:/ (soup, blue)
- centralised back - close - rounded AN= /u/ (Oek) = too short AN= /u:/ (Goose) = too long Practise AN toetje, toetje, toetje (oe+/w/ oe+/w/ oe+/w/)
35
describe RP /ʊ/ (put/good)
- centralised back - mid-close - rounded (lips quite lax) AN= more open than AN /u/ AN= stammer O O O OR
36
overgeneralise /ʊ/
- too open =\> Luke = look
37
describe RP /e/ (net/head)
- front - mid-close / mid-open - unrounded AN /3/ = similar = smile
38
describe RP /æ/ (hat/sad)
- front - open - unrounded AN= stammer STA A A AK AN /3:/ (crème) = too long too close
39
/e/ /æ/ (4 examples)
pet - pal neck - nap mess - mass sell - sad
40
describe RP /^/ (nut/love)
- centralised front - mid-open - unrounded AN /Y/ (buk) = too rounded (lips =\> smile) AN /oe:/ (manoeuvre) = too rounded, too long AN /a/ (bak) = too open =\> close AN /schwa/ = too open
41
describe RP /ɒ/ (dog/common/not/knob)
- back - mid-open - rounded AN /ɔ/ (bok) = too close =\> more open AN /ɔ:/ (catastrofe) = shorten ofe = RP /D/ backwards
42
describe RP /a:/ (dark/palm/far)
- centralised back - open - unrounded AN /a:/ = basket =\> no problems
43
describe RP /ɔ:/ (port/all)
- back - between mid-open/mid-close - rounded AN /ɔ:/ = too open (=\> close mouth more) AN /ɔr/ = r-colouring (or, porter, pores) use this sound without the /r/ as in 'oor' + lengthen it.
44
long allophone
IIII - duration
45
intermediate allophone
II - duration
46
short allophone
I - duration
47
describe RP /3:/ (earth/stirred)
- central - closer than mid-open - unrounded AN /yr/ (kurk): too short AN /ø`r/ (deur): without /r/ but feels like (crème) SMILE!
48
monophthoning
changing a diphthong to a longer version of it's first element.
49
smoothing
= monophthoning = disappearance of the 2nd element + lengthening the 1st.
50
closing diphthongs (5)
Diphthong that is produced by a tongue glide moving to a closer position. /iə, əʊ, ai, aʊ, ɔi / ə ʊ ɔ
51
centring diphthongs (3)
Diphthong that is produced by a tongue glide moving to a position nearer the centre of the vowel diagram. /iə, eə, ʊə/
52
Name closing diphthongs + example words RP words - AN words (5)
/ei/ pay - AN ree /əʊ/ flow - AN vlo /ai/ high - AN haai /aʊ/ now - AN nauw /ɔi/ toy - AN Roy
53
RP /ei/
Square-box: Start at /e/ front, between mid-open/mid-close & unrounded Glide up to /i/ centralised front, mid-close, unrounded Generally more open than AN counterpart (L=A, pay, babe/I=main, pale/S=bait, lake, ace)
54
RP /əʊ/
D-box: Start at /ə/ central, between mid-open/mid-close & unrounded Glide up to /ʊ/ centralised back, mid-close, rounded (L=owe, mode/I=own, goal/S=goat, oak, dose)
55
RP /aɪ/
Square-box: Starts /a/: open, centralised, unrounded Glides to /I/: mid-close, centralised front, unrounded (L= I, ride, rise/I=Rhine, mile/S=light, pike, rise)
56
RP /aʊ/
D-box: Starts /a/: open, centralised, unrounded Glide up to /ʊ/ centralised back, mid-close, rounded
57
RP /ɔɪ/
ɑ-box: Starts /ɔ:/ mid-open, back, rounded Glides up to /ɪ/ between mid-open/mid-close, centralised unrounded. avoid /ɔjɪ/ =\> /ɔe/ (L= boy, avoid, noise/I= loin, foil/S=voice, point)
58
RP /ɪə/
Square-box: Starts /ɪ/: mid-close, centralised front unrounded. Glides down to /ə/: mid-open, central, unrounded AN /i/ = too close AN /a/ = too open + too back (L= ear, beers, beard/I=real/S=pierce)
59
RP /ʊə/
ɑ-box: Starts /ʊ/ centralised back, mid-close, rounded Glides down to /ə/: mid-open, central, unrounded When monophthonigised it merges with RP /ɔ:/ (Bureau, Europe, tourist, poor, pour, pore, tour, tore)
60
RP /eə/
Square-box: Start at /e/ front, between mid-open/mid-close & unrounded (like AN crème) Glides to /ə/: mid-open, central, unrounded AN= too short (Mary, scary, vary) should be (serre, blèren) (air, scares, bared)
61
Reduction
Term used for weakening phenomena. Weakening of phonemes. AN politie = /pəlisi/
62
compression
loss of a syllable because of glides or of deletion of a schwa. /i/ =\> /j/ before compression (weak vowel) medium = /mi:diəm/ =\> /mi:djəm/ /u/ =\> /w/ before compression (weak vowel) usual = /ju:ʒuəl/ =\> /ju:ʒwəl/
63
r-colouring
Is the pronunciation of a vowel combined with a strong /r/ (far = /fa:r ipv fa:)
64
Vowel diagram front RP (4)
i:, I, e, æ
65
Vowel diagram RP back (5)
u:, ʊ, ɔ:, ɒ, a:
66
Vowel diagram RP (centre) 3
ə, 3:, ^
67
Vowel diphthong diagram (closing) 5
aɪ, aʊ, eɪ, əʊ, ɔɪ
68
Vowel diagram diphthongs (centralised) 3
eə, ɪə, ʊə
69
Learners use an AN vowel that is too open =
ɔ: AN door - RP door
70
Learners use an AN vowel that is close (7):
i: u: ʊ ^ æ 3: ɒ AN liep - RP sheep AN oevre - RP shoot AN boek - RP book AN het - RP hat AN put - RP fun AN toch - RP dog AN keur - RP her
71
Learners use an AN vowel that is too rounded (2)
^ 3: AN oevre - RP fun AN oevre - RP her
72
Learners use an AN vowel that is not rounded enough (1)
ɒ AN dak - RP dog
73
Learners use an AN vowel that is too long (2)
i: u: AN dealen - RP sheep AN Oek - RP shoot
74
Learners use an AN vowel and use r-colouring (3)
a: ɔ: 3: farther - father court - caught heared - hurt
75
Learners confuse a (3 pairs)
u: - ʊ / ^ - ɒ / e - æ shoot - book duck - dog pet - hat too close =\> open mouth more
76
Learners use an AN vowel that is almost right (3)
I a: e pin basket pen
77

Phonetics (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions