Phonetics review

Question 1

bilabial consonant

Answer 1

are made by bringing both lips closer together: [p], [b], [m], [w], [w̥]

Question 2

labiodental consonants

Answer 2

are made with the lower lip against the upper front teeth: [f], [v]

Question 3

interdental consonants

Answer 3

are made with the tip of the tongue protruding between the front teeth: [θ], [ð]

Question 4

alveolar consonants

Answer 4

are made with the tongue tip at or near the alveolar ridge: [t], [d], [s], [z], [n], [l], [ɹ]

Question 5

post-alveolar consonants

Answer 5

are made right at the front of the hard palate, just behind the alveolar ridge: [ʃ], [ʒ], [tʃ], [dʒ]

Question 6

palatal consonants

Answer 6

are made with the tongue near the center of the hard portion of the roof of the mouth (the hard palate): [j]

Question 7

velar consonants

Answer 7

are produced at the soft part of the roof of the mouth behind the hard palate - the velum: [k], [g], [ŋ]

Question 8

glottal consonants

Answer 8

are produced at the larynx [h], [ʔ]

Question 9

voiced sounds

Answer 9

sounds made with the vocal folds vibrating: [b], [m], [w], [v], [ð], [d], [z], [n], [l], [ɹ], [ʒ], [dʒ], [j], [g], [ŋ]

Question 10

voiceless sounds

Answer 10

sounds made without the vocal folds vibrating: [p], [w̥], [f], [θ], [t], [s], [ʃ], [tʃ], [k], [ʔ], [h]

Question 11

stop consonants

Answer 11

sounds made by obstructing the airstream completely in the oral cavity: [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g], [ʔ]

Question 12

fricative consonants

Answer 12

sounds made by forming a nearly complete obstruction of the vocal tract: [f], [v], [θ], [ð], [s], [z], [ʃ], [ʒ], [h]

Question 13

affricative consonants

Answer 13

sounds made by briefly stopping the airstream completely and then releasing the articulators slightly so that frication noise is produced: [tʃ], [dʒ]

Question 14

nasal consonants

Answer 14

sounds produced by lowering the velum and this opening the nasal passage to the vocal tract: [m], [n], [ŋ]

Question 15

liquid consonants

Answer 15

involve a substantial constriction of the vocal tract, but the constructions for liquids are not narrow enough to block the vocal tract: [l], [ɹ]

Question 16

glide consonants

Answer 16

sounds made with only a slight closure of the articulators, so that the if the vocal tract were any more open, the result would be a vowel sound: [w̥], [w], [j]

Question 17

[p]

Answer 17

voiceless, bilabial, and stop

Question 18

[b]

Answer 18

voiced, bilabial, and stop

Question 19

[t]

Answer 19

voiceless, alveolar, and stop

Question 20

[d]

Answer 20

voiced, alveolar, and stop

Question 21

[k]

Answer 21

voiceless, velar, and stop

Question 22

[g]

Answer 22

voiced, velar, and stop

Question 23

[ʔ]

Answer 23

voiceless, glottal, and stop

Question 24

[f]

Answer 24

voiceless, labio-dental, and fricative

Question 25

[v]

Answer 25

voiced, labio-dental, and fricative

Question 26

[θ]

Answer 26

voiceless, inter-dental, and fricative

Question 27

[ð]

Answer 27

voiced, inter-dental, and fricative

Question 28

[s]

Answer 28

voiceless, alveolar, and fricative

Question 29

[z]

Answer 29

voiced, alveolar, and fricative

Question 30

[ʃ]

Answer 30

voiceless, post-alveolar, and fricative

Question 31

[ʒ]

Answer 31

voiced, post-alveolar, and fricative

Question 32

[h]

Answer 32

voiceless, glottal, and fricative

Question 33

[tʃ]

Answer 33

voiceless, post-alveolar, and affricate

Question 34

[dʒ]

Answer 34

voiced, post-alveolar, and affricate

Question 35

[m]

Answer 35

voiced, bilabial, and nasal

Question 36

[n]

Answer 36

voiced, alveolar, and nasal

Question 37

[ŋ]

Answer 37

voiced, velar, and nasal

Question 38

[l]

Answer 38

voiced, alveolar, and lateral liquid

Question 39

[ɹ]

Answer 39

voiced, alveolar, and retroflex liquid

Question 40

[w̥]

Answer 40

voiceless, bilabial, and glide

Question 41

[w]

Answer 41

voiced, bilabial, and glide

Question 42

[j]

Answer 42

voiced, palatal, and glide

Question 43

place of articulation

Answer 43

where in the vocal tract a constriction is made (where the vocal tract is made narrower)

Question 44

manner of articulation

Answer 44

how the airstream is modified by the vocal tract to produce the sound

Question 45

ways to describe vowels

Answer 45

height, tongue advancement, lip rounding, and tenseness

Question 46

ways to describe consonants

Answer 46

state of glottis, place of articulation, and manner of articulation

Question 47

characteristics of the segments (individual sounds)

Answer 47

place and manner of articulation and voicing for consonants; tongue height and advancement, lip rounding, and tenseness for vowels

Question 48

low vowels

Answer 48

pronounced with the jaw quite open - lowering the tongue body away from the roof of the mouth: [æ], [ɑ]

Question 49

high vowels

Answer 49

pronounced with the tongue body away close to the roof of the mouth: [i], [ɪ], [u], [ʊ]

Question 50

rounded vowels

Answer 50

lips are rounded: [u], [ʊ], [o], [ɔ]

Question 51

mid vowels

Answer 51

produced with an intermediate tongue height: [e], [ɛ], [ə], [ʌ], [o], [ɔ]

Question 52

back vowels

Answer 52

is made by raising the body of the tongue in the back of the mouthm toward the velum: [u], [ʊ], [o], [ɔ], [ɑ]

Question 53

front vowels

Answer 53

the body of the tongue is raised and pushed forward so it is just under the hard palate: [i], [ɪ], [ɛ], [æ]

Question 54

unrounded vowels

Answer 54

lips are unrounded: [i], [ɪ], [e], [ɛ], [æ], [ə], [ʌ], [ɑ]

Question 55

central vowels

Answer 55

require neither advancement nor retraction of the tongue: [ə], [ʌ]

Question 56

lax vowels

Answer 56

have less extreme positions of the tongue or the lips than vowels that are tense: [ɪ], [ɛ], [æ], [ə], [ʌ], [ʊ], [ɔ], [ɑ]

Question 57

tense vowels

Answer 57

have more extreme positions of the tongue or the lips than vowels that are lax: [i], [e], [u], [o]

Question 58

nasalized vowels

Answer 58

the velum is lowered and the nasal passage closes

Question 59

[i]

Answer 59

high, front, unrounded, tense

Question 60

[ɪ]

Answer 60

high, front, unrounded, lax

Question 61

[e]

Answer 61

mid, front, unrounded, tense

Question 62

[ɛ]

Answer 62

mid, front, unrounded, lax

Question 63

[æ]

Answer 63

low, front, unrounded, lax

Question 64

[ə]

Answer 64

mid, central, unrounded, lax

Question 65

[ʌ]

Answer 65

mid, central, unrounded, lax

Question 66

[u]

Answer 66

high, back, rounded, tense

Question 67

[ʊ]

Answer 67

high, back, rounded, lax

Question 68

[o]

Answer 68

mid, back, rounded, tense

Question 69

[ɔ]

Answer 69

mid, back, rounded, lax

Question 70

[ɑ]

Answer 70

low, back, unrounded, lax