Phonics and Fluency Flashcards
(51 cards)
Prefix
A letter or letters at the beginning of a root word that changes its meaning
Example:
re, de, un
Vowel Digraph
two vowels that make a single vowel sound when together in a word, also known as “vowel teams”
Example:
the “ai” in paint; the “ee” in need; the “oa” in boat
Partner / Small Group Reading
A strategy in which students read semi-independently in pairs or small groups.
R-Controlled Vowel
a vowel followed by the letter r where the “r” that doesn’t make its normal short or long sound
Example:
In the word, “tiger,” the letter e is an r-controlled vowel, as its pronunciation changes because it is followed by an r.
Consolidated Alphabetic Stage
a stage of word recognition in which students read by using memorized letter chunks, affixes, and syllables to read words
Example:
A student in this stage would not need to sound out each letter in a word like “reminder” but would decode it by breaking it into recognizable chunks, “re-mind-er.”
Context Clues / Contextual Analysis
using the words before and after an unknown word to determine its meaning
Example:
It was a beautiful day that made it idyllic for swimming.
Speed (when reading)
the pace at which the reader reads the text
Affix
A letter or letters that change a root word’s meaning
Ex:
prefixes or suffixes
Reading fluency
ability to read with appropriate speed, accuracy, and prosody
connotation
the implied meaning of a word; the feeling a word conveys
Example:
Describing a person as “shrewd” may make them feel negatively, even though the definition (sharp-witted, intelligent) is positive.
Full Alphabetic Stage
a stage of word recognition in which students use their full working knowledge of letter-sound correspondence to decode unfamiliar words letter-by-letter
Example:
a child comes across the word “desk” while reading and sounds it out “d-e-s-k”
Grapheme
A written letter or a combination of letters that represents a single sound.
Example:
“ph” makes a “f” sound
Final Stable syllable
A consonant + -le syllable occurs at the end of a word. If the consonant + -le syllable is found next to an open syllable, then the vowel in the open syllable stays long. If the consonant + -le is next to a closed syllable, the vowel in the closed syllable stays short.
Example:
bugle, candle, bubble, circle, and trample
Diphthong
one vowel sound made by the combination of two vowel sounds
Example:
the “ou” in south; the “au” in taught; the “oy” in oyster
Synonyms
words with the same or a similar meaning
Example:
angry/mad/furious; bad/evil/immoral/tainted; and fast/quick/rapid.
Vowel-Consonant-E Syllable
The vowel-consonant-e syllable has a silent “e” and makes the vowel before it long; this syllable is usually found at the end of a word
Example:
name, mice, cake, compete
Prosody
the reader’s ability to convey expression, including using correct emphasis, punctuation, and tone, while reading aloud
Decoding
In reading out loud, being able to sound out words by breaking them into simple forms.
In reading for comprehension, the understanding of how to read each letter or letter pattern in a word to determine the word’s meaning
Supervised Oral Reading
A strategy in which a student reads aloud to a teacher or tutor.
Automaticity
the ability to read words effortlessly
Phoneme
the smallest individual sounds in a word
Example:
The word “bit” has three phonemes – b – i – t.
Root (Word Formation)
the smallest unit or core of a word that carries the meaning
Example:
form means “shape,” as in reform, conform, formulate
Homographs
words that have the same spelling as another word but have different meaning
Example:
tired meaning fatigue (verb); tire meaning a rubber cushion that fits around a wheel of an automobile (noun)
Audio/Video-Assisted Reading
A strategy in which a teacher plays an audio recording of a book or show an animated illustration of a book while students read along
