Phonological Disorders

Question 1

Vocalization

Answer 1

The vowel substituted for a syllable consonant, usually a liquid e.g. bado for bottle

Question 2

Gliding

Answer 2

A liquid consonant is produced as a glide e.g. w/l, j/l, w/r

Question 3

Velar fronting

Answer 3

An alveolar or dental replaces a velar

Question 4

Stopping

Answer 4

a fricative or affricate is replaced by a stop e.g. tu for shoe

Question 5

Depalatalization

Answer 5

An alveolar affricate for a palatal affricate e.g. wats for watch

Question 6

Affrication

Answer 6

Affricate is produced in place of a fricative or stop

Question 7

Deaffrication

Answer 7

Fricative replaces an affricate

Question 8

Backing

Answer 8

A posteriorly placed consonant is produced instead of an anteriorly placed consonant (velars are substituted for alveolars)

Question 9

Glottal replacement

Answer 9

A glottal stop is produced in place of another consonant

Question 10

Distortion

Answer 10

A speech production error in which a speech sound is recognizable as the correct sound but is not produced exactly correct

Question 11

Omission

Answer 11

A speech production air in which required sound or omitted in words, greatest impact on intelligibility

Question 12

Apraxia of speech

Answer 12

CNS damage makes it difficult to program the precise movements necessary for smoothly articulated speech, apraxia of speech is a motor programming disorder

Question 13

Phonemic

Answer 13

Abstract system of sounds, the description of /t/ is phonemic and is placed in // marks

Question 14

Phonetic

Answer 14

Concrete productions of specific sounds, the specific sound production of a speaker would be indicated in brackets [ ]

Question 15

Assimilation

Answer 15

Speech sounds or modified due to the influence of adjacent sounds, for example in the phrase “great zoo”, the /z/ in zoo is devoiced because of the voiceless /t/ in the preceding word

Question 16

Prevocalic

Answer 16

Consonants/consonant cluster preceding a vowel

Question 17

Intervocalic

Answer 17

Consonants/consonant clusters occurring between two vowels

Question 18

Postvocalic

Answer 18

Consonant/consonant clusters following a vowel

Question 19

Markedness

Answer 19

Refers to sounds that are more difficult to produce and are found less frequently in languages

Question 20

Metalinguistic

Answer 20

The ability to think about and reflect on the nature of language and how it functions

Question 21

Myofunctional disorders

Answer 21

The tongue moves forward in an exaggerated way during speech and/or swallowing

Question 22

Ankyloglossia

Answer 22

Commonly known as tongue-tied, short lingual frenulum

Question 23

Micrognathia

Answer 23

Referring to an unusually small mandible

Question 24

Prognathia

Answer 24

Referring to a marked projection of the jaw

Question 25

Distinctive feature theory

Answer 25

Similarities and differences between the target phoneme and the substitution can be clearly ascertained, theory allows for comparison of several sound substitutions to the target phoneme

Question 26

Minimal Pair

Answer 26

Words that differ and only one phoneme value among their sound constituents e.g. book vs cook

Question 27

Phonetic placement method

Answer 27

A motor-based approach, used when the client cannot imitate the model production of a phoneme such as /r/

Question 28

Phonotactics

Answer 28

Description of the allowed combinations of phonemes in a particular language

Question 29

Diacritical marks

Answer 29

Because a given phoneme may have a large number of allophonic variants, phonetic symbols may be modified by the special marks

Question 30

Nazalization

Answer 30

~ placed above nasalized phoneme