Phonological Processes Flashcards
Backing
When front (e.g. alvoelar sounds) are substituted with further back sounds
Seen in more severe cases of language delays and is NOT a typical process
Fronting
When back sounds (e.g. velar) substituted with forward sounds (e.g. alveolar)
Approx gone by 3.5 years
Gliding
When /r/ becomes a /w/, and /l/ becomes a /w/ or y sound
Approx gone by 6 years
Stopping
When a fricative or affricate is substituted with a stop consonant like /p/ or /d/
/f/ and /s/ gone by 3, th gone by 5
Vowelization
When the /l/ or er sounds are replaced with a vowel
Affrication
When a nonaffricate is replaced with an affricate
Gone by 3
Deaffrication
When an affricate is replaced with a fricative or stop
Gone by 4
Alveolarization
When a nonalveolar sound is substituted with an alveolar sound
Gone by 5
Depalatalization
When a palatal sound is substituted with a nonpalatal sound
Gone by 5
Labialization
When a nonlabial sound is replaced with a labial sound
Gone by 6
Assimilation
When a consonant sound starts to sound like another sound in the word
Gone by 3
Denasalization
When a nasal consonant changes to a non nasal consonant
Gone by 2.5
Final Consonant Devoicing
When a voiced consonant at the end of a word is substituted with a voiceless consonants
Gone by 3
Prevocalic Voicing
When a voiceless consonant in the beginning of a word is substituted with a voiced consonant
Gone by 6
Coalescence
When two phonemes are substituted with a different phoneme that still has similar features e.g. foon for spoon
Reduplication
When a complete or incomplete syllable is repeated e.g. baba for bottle
Gone by 3
Cluster Reduction
When a consonant cluster is reduced to a single consonant e.g. pane for plane
Age gone depends on cluster type (4-8)
Final Consonant Deletion
When the final consonant in a word is left of e.g. toe for toad
Gone by 3
Initial Consonant Deletion
When the initial consonant in a word is left of e.g. unny for bunny
Seen in more severe phonological delays
Weak Syllable Deletion
When the weak syllable in a word is deleted e.g. nana for banana
Gone by 4
Epenthesis
When a sound is added between two consonants, typically the uh sound e.g. bu-lue for blue
Gone by 8
What are the three different types of phonological processes?
- Syllable structure process
- Substitution process
- Assimilation process
What is the definition of the ‘syllable structure process?
Omission or transposition of sounds or syllables
What is the definition of the substitution process?
Sound replacement patterns
