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SSD in Kids > Phonological Processes (from TA) > Flashcards

Phonological Processes (from TA) Flashcards

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1
Q

Distinctive Features - Place

Labial; Labiodental

A

[+round]

[+labiodental]

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2
Q

Distinctive Features - Place

Coronal

A

[+anterior]
for alveolar forward and interdental-palatal

Consonants articulated with tip of tongue

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3
Q

Distinctive Features - Place

dorsal

A

[+back]
[+high]
[+low]
velars

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4
Q

Vowel Features

A

high
low
back
round

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5
Q

Distinctive Features - Manner:

Syllabic

A

syllabic consonants /m, n, l/ and vowels

in the English words rhythm, button and bottle

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6
Q

Distinctive Features - Manner:

consonantal

A

all consonants except glides

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7
Q

Distinctive Features - Manner:

sonorant

A

vowels, glides, liquids, nasals

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8
Q

Distinctive Features - Manner:

continuant

A

fricatives, glides, liquids

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9
Q

Distinctive Features - Manner:

vocalic

A

all sonorants, vowels

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10
Q

Distinctive Features - Manner:

strident

A

Fricatives (not interdental) and affricates

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11
Q

Distinctive Features - Manner:

lateral

A

/l/

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12
Q

Distinctive Features - Manner:

nasal

A

/n/, /m/, /ng/

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13
Q

Distinctive Features - Manner:

tense vowels

A

/i,e,u,o,ɑ,ɔ,ɝ/

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14
Q

Distinctive Features - Manner:

voice

A

+/-

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15
Q

Phonological Process - syllable structure

syllable deletion

A

syllable deletion: deletion of unstressed syllable

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16
Q

Phonological Process - syllable structure

consonant deletion

A

consonant deletion: deletion of final consonant (most common); initial consonant (idiosyncratic)

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17
Q

Phonological Process - syllable structure

reduplication

A

reduplication: partial or total repetition of a syllable

eg wawa

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18
Q

Phonological Process - syllable structure

consonant cluster reduction

A

cluster reduction: total deletion or reduction of cluster

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19
Q

Phonological Process - syllable structure

Epenthesis

A

Epenthesis: inserting vowel (typically /ə/) between 2 consonants or final position or initial position

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20
Q

Phonological Process - substitution

Stopping

A

Stopping: replace fricative or affricate with stop or replace continuent with stop, nasal or affricate

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21
Q

Phonological Process - substitution

velar fronting

A

velar fronting: replacing a velar /k g ŋ/ with more anterior phoneme particularly alveolar /t d n/

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22
Q

Phonological Process - substitution

Palatal fronting

A

palatal fronting: replacing palatal fricative /ʃ ʒ/ with alveolar fricative /s z/

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23
Q

Phonological Process - substitution

affrication aka deaffrication

A

alveolar affrication: replacing affricate/tʃ dʒ/ with non-affricate

Affricate —> nonaffricate

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24
Q

Phonological Process - substitution

backing

A

backing: replacing anterior consonant with posterior consonant

Idiosyncratic process

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25
Phonological Process - substitution | stridency deletion
stirdency deletion: deleting or replacing strident /f v s z ʃ ʒ ʈʃ dʒ/ with nonstrident
26
Phonological Process - substitution | deaffrication
deaffrication: affricate —> fricative replacing affricate with fricative doesn't have to be in same place
27
Phonological Process - substitution | gliding
gliding: replacing liquids with glides
28
Phonological Process - substitution | vowelization/ vocalization
replacing syllabic liquids /l/ with vowels
29
Phonological Process - assimilation | velar
alveolar /t d s z n/ --> velar /k g ŋ/
30
Phonological Process - assimilation | labial
nonlabial --> labial
31
Phonological Process - assimilation | alveolar
nonalveolar --> alveolar /t d s z n l/
32
Phonological Process - assimilation | nasal
non-nasal --> nasal
33
Phonological Process - assimilation | prevocalic voicing
voiceless --> voiced before vowel
34
Phonological Process - assimilation | final consonant/postvocalic devoicing
voiced --> voiceless after vowel
35
Phonological Process - assimilation | coalescence
features from 2 adjacent sounds combine into 1 sound
36
Phonological Process - atypical cluster reduction
deletion of sound usually retained /pleɪ/ --> [leɪ] /peɪ/ is the typical reduction because /l/ is a later developing sound /trʌk --> [rʌk] is atypical because /r/ is later developing /trʌk --> [tʌk] is typical reduction
37
Phonological Process - initial consonant reduction (atypical)
initial consonant (SIWI) reduction is atypical final consonant (SFWF) deletion is common
38
Phonological Process - medial consonant reduction (atypical)
deletion of intervocalic consonant /biɾəl/ --> [bioʊ/ more common to form a substitution in medial not delete phoneme entirely
39
Phonological Processes - Apicalization (atypical)
a labial is replaced by an apical (tongue tip) consonant /boʊ/ --> [doʊ]
40
Phonological Processes - backing of stops (atypical)
replace anterior stop with posterior stop /toʊ/ --> [koʊ] fronting is common; backing is not backing is PLACE change usually velar
41
Phonological Processes - backing of fricative (atypical)
replace anterior fricative /f v θ ð s z/ with posterior fricative /ʃ, ʒ/ more common children bring articulation forward and take an affricate and turn it into a fricative less common to form palatal from an alveolar sound like alveolar fricative /s/ becomes palatal fricative /ʃ/
42
Phonological Processes - glottal replacement (atypical)
replace medial or final (usually stop consonant) with glottal stop stopping is maintained but brought so far back to glottal
43
Phonological Processes - medial consonant substituions (atypical)
replace intervocalic consonant with one or more phonemes /bʌɾɚ/ --> [bʌjə]
44
Phonological Processes - denasalization (atypical)
nasal replaced with non-nasal manner change
45
Phonological Processes - devoicing of stops (atypical)
replaced voiced stop /b d g/ with voiceless /p t k/ (usually stop) in INITIAL position (SIWI) devoicing FINAL consonant stop is typical devoicing INITIAL stop is atypical
46
Phonological Processes - fricatives replacing stops (atypical)
stop --> fricative early developing stop is replaced by later developing fricative
47
Phonological Processes - stops replaced glides (atypical)
glide --> stop (atypical) | Stop —> glide (typical)
48
Phonological Processes - Metathesis (atypical)
reversal of position of 2 sounds - may or may not be adjacent "most' --> /moʊst/ --> [moʊts] common idiosyncratic process
49
Phonological Processes - Migration (atypical)
movement of sound from one position in a word to another /soʊp/ --> [poʊs]
50
Phonological Processes - stops replacing liquids (atypical)
liquids /l r/ --> stop
51
Phonological Processes - vowel backing (feature change)
front vowels replaced with back (posterior) vowels /æ/ --> [ɑ]
52
Phonological Processes - vowel lowering (feature change)
high vowel replaced with low vowel /ɪ/ --> [ɛ]
53
Phonological Processes - vowel centralization (feature change)
vowel replaced with more central vowel /e/ --> [ʌ]
54
Phonological Processes - vowel surrounding (feature change)
vowel that is normally rounded /u ʊ o ɔ/is produced without rounding
55
Phonological Processes - dipthongization (complexity change)
monothong produced as dipthong
56
Phonological Processes - dipthong reduction (complexity change)
dipthong reduced to monothong
57
Phonological Processes - complete vowel harmony
one vowel is changed so that both vowels in the word are the same vowel harmony = vowel assimilation
58
Phonological Processes - tenseness harmony
lax vowels becomes tense when there is another tense vowel in the same word vowel harmony = vowel assimilation
59
Phonological Processes - height vowel harmony
when vowel is replaced with a vowel that is closer in production to the height of another vowel in the word both vowels are high or both vowels are ow or both vowels are centralized vowel harmony = vowel assimilation
60
Phonological Processes - consonant-vowel harmony
vowel change due to the neighboring consonant example: vowel becomes more forward if adjacent consonant is more forward vowel harmony = vowel assimilation
61
Phonological Processes - Derhoticization
loss of /r/ coloring in consonants and vowels /ɝ ɚ/ --> [ə]
62
Phonological Processes - Reduction of rhotic dipthongs
simplification of rhotic dipthongs ``` Rhotic Dipthongs: ɔɚ ɑɚ ɛɚ uɚ ```
63
order of acquisition of sounds
1. nasals 2. stops 3. glides 4. fricatives 5. liquids 6. affricates Never Say Girls Fight Like Amateurs
64
process by which velars and palatals are replaced by alveolars
fronting place of articulation moves from back to front of mouth
65
type of reduplication that occurs when the two syllables are not identical
partial
66
process suggested by the deletion of an /s/ regardless of word position
stridency deletion
67
process by which labials or interdentals are replaced by alveolar sounds
alveolarization | /f/ --> [s] or /θ/ --> [s]
68
process that affects both of the liquids /l, r/
gliding
69
EX: /stov/ --> [tov]
cluster deletion/reduction
70
process suggested by the replacement of an /s/ --> /ʃ/
palatalization
71
group that includes nasals, glides and liquids
sonorants
72
syllable typically deleted in syllable deletion
weak
73
process suggested by the replacement of /tʃ/ --> /s/
deaffrication
74
category made up of the fricatives, affricates and stops
obstruents
75
EX: /bot/ --> [ot]
intial-consonant deletion
76
EX: /to/ --> [ko]
backing or velarization
77
place in which /w, p, f/
labial
78
dipthongs
``` /aɪ/ "bye" /ɔɪ/ "boy" /ɑʊ/ "cow" /eɪ/ "bait" /oʊ/ "rope" ```

SSD in Kids (3 decks)

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