Phonology

Question 1

phonology

Answer 1

The study of the sound system of a language, how the particular sounds contrast in each language to form an integrated system for encoding information, and how such systems differ from one language to another.

Question 2

allophone

Answer 2

One set of noncontrastive realizations of the same phoneme

Question 3

phoneme

Answer 3

a class of speech sounds identified by a native speaker as the same sound; a mental entity related to various allophones by phonological rules. phonemes are written between slashes /t/

Question 4

phonological rules

Answer 4

the relationship between a phoneme and its allophones and the conditioning environment in which the allophone appears

Question 5

assimilation

Answer 5

a process by which a sound becomes more like a nearby sound in terms of some features

Question 6

dissimilation

Answer 6

process by which two nearby sounds become less alike with respect to some features

Question 7

insertion

Answer 7

phonological process by which a segment not present in the phonetic (underlying) form is added in the phonetic form

Question 8

deletion

Answer 8

a process by which a sound present in the phonetic form is removed from the phonetic form in certain environments

Question 9

metathesis

Answer 9

switching of the order of two sounds, each taking the place of the other

Question 10

strengthening

Answer 10

a process through which sounds are made stronger according to some criterion

Question 11

weakening

Answer 11

a process through which sounds are made weaker according to some criterion

Question 12

manner dissimilation

Answer 12

a stop becomes a fricative when followed by another stop

Question 13

basic allophone

Answer 13

the allophone of a phoneme that is used when none of the change inducing conditions are fulfilled. Of a set of allophones, it is generally least limited in where it can occur; also termed the elsewhere

Question 14

restricted allophone

Answer 14

an allophone of a phoneme that appears in a more limited set of phonetic environments

Question 15

aspiration

Answer 15

a puff of air that follows the release of a constant when there is a delay in the onset of voicing. symbolized by a superscript

Question 16

palatalization

Answer 16

a process wherein a sound takes on a palatal place of articulation, usually in assimilation to high or mid front vowels

Question 17

flap

Answer 17

a sound produced by bringing two articulators together very quickly

Question 18

vowel harmony

Answer 18

long distance assimilation between vowels

Question 19

free variation

Answer 19

refers to two sounds that occur in overlapping environments but cause no distinction in the meaning of their respective words

Question 20

overlapping distribution

Answer 20

occurrence of sounds in the same phonetic environments

Question 21

complementary distribution

Answer 21

the occurrence of sounds in a language such that they are never found in the same phonetic environment. sounds that are in complementary distribution are allophones of the same phoneme

Question 22

contrastive distribution

Answer 22

the occurrence of sounds in a language such that their use distinguishes between the meaning of the words in which they appear, indicating that those sounds are phonemes of the language in question. sounds that are in contrastive distribution are allophones of different phonemes

Question 23

distribution

Answer 23

the set of phonetic environments in which a sound occurs

Question 24

noncontrastive

Answer 24

a term used to describe two sounds that are not used to differentiate words in a language

Question 25

contrastive

Answer 25

a term used to describe two sounds that can be used to differentiate words in a language