Syntax

Question 1

Syntax

Answer 1

how sentences and other phrases can be constructed out of smaller phrases and words

Question 2

linguistic expression

Answer 2

a piece of language, it has a certain form, meaning an syntactic properties

Question 3

grammaticality judgement

Answer 3

a judgment by a native speaker if a sentence is truly a sentence

Question 4

principle of compositionality

Answer 4

the fact that the meaning of the sentence depends on the meanings of the expression it contains and the way they are syntactically combined.

Question 5

lexical expressions

Answer 5

when you know a language you can produce an infinite amount of sentences because you know the meanings of lexical expressions e.g. single word expressions or idioms

Question 6

phrasal expressions

Answer 6

results from the syntactic combination of smaller expressions. a multi-word linguistic expression. a sentence is a special kind of phrasal expression

Question 7

Syntactic properties

Answer 7

properties of linguistic expressions that dictate how the can syntactically combine with other expression namely, word order and co occurrence properties

Question 8

argument

Answer 8

a linguistic expression that must occur in a sentence, if some other expression in occurs in that sentence as well. if the occurrence of the expression X and a sentence require the occurrence of expression y in the sentence, we say that Y is an argument of X

Question 9

complement

Answer 9

a non subject argument of some expression

Question 10

topicalized

Answer 10

a syntactic process by which ( in English) a syntactic constituent occurrence the beginning of the sentence in order to highlight topic under discussion

Question 11

adjunct

Answer 11

a linguistic expression whose occurrence in a sentence if optional, also called a modifier

Question 12

modifiers

Answer 12

see adjunct

Question 13

agreement

Answer 13

the phenomenon by which expressions in a sentence (E.g a verb and subject) must be inflectional marked for each person, number, gender, etc

Question 14

syntactic constituent

Answer 14

a group of linguistic expression that function as syntactic unit within some larger expression expression; the smaller expression out oft which some larger phrasal expression that was structures in accordance with the phrase structure rules

Question 15

syntactic category

Answer 15

a group of expression that have very similar syntactic properties all expression that belong to the same category have more or less the same syntactic distribution

Question 16

syntactic distribution

Answer 16

the first in the set of syntactic environments and which the expression can occur. 2 expression are interchangeable in syntactic environments, we say that they have the same syntactic distribution, and therefor belong to the same syntactic category

Question 17

phrase structure rules

Answer 17

a recipe for syntactically combining expression of certain syntactic categories. along with lexicon phrase structure rules are a part of descriptive grammar of language. phrase structures rules have general form X -> Y1…..Yn where X is a syntactic category Y1……Yn is a sequence of syntactic. the categories to the right of the arrow y1….Yn correspond to the immediate syntactic constituent of the expression whose category is X

Question 18

phrase structure tree

Answer 18

a visual representation of how phrases are constructed within a descriptive grammar, given the lexicon and the phrase structure rules

Question 19

lexical entries

Answer 19

representation of lexical expression on linguistic properties within descriptive grammar of some language. collection of lexical entries constitutes lexicon. lexical entry has a from f —> X, f is the from of some lexical expression, x is syntactic category

Question 20

lexical ambiguity

Answer 20

phenomenon where a single word is a from of 2 or more linguistic expressions that differ in meaning or syntactic properties

Question 21

ambiguous

Answer 21

linguistic forms can correspond to to more than one distinct expression

Question 22

structural ambiguity

Answer 22

the phenomenon where a single sting of words or morphemes) is the form of more than one distinct phrasal expression or word. arises because same expression can combine different syntactically, resulting in distinct phrases than have the same form

Question 23

grammatical

Answer 23

a term used to dcibe a setnece that is in accordance with with descriptive grammatical rules of some language, especially syntactic rules. when some phrasal expression is constructed in accordance with the syntactic rules of a language we say its grammatically well formed

Question 24

homophony

Answer 24

phenomenon by 2 or more distinct morphemes are non phrasal linguistic expression happen to have the same form, ie sound the same

Question 25

lexicon

Answer 25

a mental repository of linguistic info about words and lexical expressions , including their form, meaning,morphological and syntactic properties. as a part of a descriptive non mental grammar, a representation of the metal lexicon, consisting of lexical entries that capture relevant properties of lexical expressions

Question 26

prepositional phrase

Answer 26

the name of syntactic category that consist of expression that contain preposition and noun phrase. can be verb phrase, adjunct or noun adjunct

Question 27

preposition

Answer 27

the name of lexical category and syntactic category that consist of expression such of in for with etc. syntactically, consist of those expression that when combined with expression of category noun phrase to the their right result to the category prepositional phrase

Question 28

verb phrase adjunct

Answer 28

a kind of adjunct that combines with expression of syntactic category verb phrase with resulting expression also being of category verb phrase

Question 29

noun adjunct

Answer 29

kind of adjunct that combines with expression of syntactic category noun with resulting category also being a noun

Question 30

sentential complement verbs

Answer 30

name of syntactic category tat consists of expression that if combine with sentence to their right result in verb phrase; verb that needs sentence as its complement

Question 31

transitive verbs

Answer 31

name of syntactic category that consist of expression that if combines with noun phrase to the their right result in verb phrase; a verb needs a noun phrase compliment

Question 32

adverb

Answer 32

the name of lexical and syntactical category the consist of expressions such as quickly well furiously etc syntactically, adv can be verb phrase adjuncts

Question 33

verb phrase

Answer 33

name of syntactic category that consist of all expression which if combined with noun phrase to the left result in sentence

Question 34

determiners

Answer 34

name of lexical category and syntactic category that consist of expression such as the a this all etc syntactically, consist of all expressions at when combine with expression of noun to the right result in expression on noun phrase

Question 35

sentence

Answer 35

a syntactic category that consist of all phrasal expression that grammatically occur in sally thinks that ____

Question 36

cleft

Answer 36

a type of sentence that has general form it is/was X that Y, e.g. it was sally that i wanted to meet. can be used as constituency test

Question 37

nouns

Answer 37

person place thing idea

Question 38

ditransitive verbs

Answer 38

name of syntactic category that consist of expression that if combines with 2 expression of category noun phrase to the right result in a noun phrase a verb that need 2 noun phrase complements

Question 39

intransitive verbs

Answer 39

name for set of lexical expression that syntactic category is verb phrase

Question 40

word order

Answer 40

how expressions are allowed to be ordered with respect to one another