Phonology

Question 1

Spectogram

Answer 1

Graphic representation of the frequency distribution of the complex jumble of sound waves that give the hearing impression of speech sounds

Question 2

Phonology

Answer 2

the study of the abstract categories that organize

Question 3

Phoneme

Answer 3

a unit of sound that distinguishes one word from another in a particular language.

Question 4

phone

Answer 4

a physical realization of a speech sound like the voiceless or the voiced alveolar approximate

Question 5

allophones of the phoneme

Answer 5

phones which function as alternate realizations of the same phoneme

Question 6

narrow transcription

Answer 6

captures as many aspects of a specific pronunciation as possible and ignores as few details as possible.

Question 7

distribution

Answer 7

the different positions in which a speech sound can occur or cannot occur in the words or a language

Question 8

complementary distribution

Answer 8

two sounds which are distributed in such a way that one can only occur where the other cannot occur

Question 9

minimal pairs

Answer 9

a pair of words which differ in only one sound, but differ in meaning (ex. tip vs. hip)

Question 10

released (consonant)

Answer 10

where the air is being released after being built up

Question 11

free variation

Answer 11

the phenomenon of two (or more) sounds or forms appearing in the same environment without a change in meaning and without being considered incorrect by native speakers.

Question 12

final devoicing

Answer 12

voiced obstruents become voiceless before voiceless consonants

Question 13

velarized

Answer 13

a secondary articulation of consonants by which the back of the tongue is raised toward the velum during the articulation of the consonant.

Question 14

t/d-flapping

Answer 14

a phonological process found in many varieties of English, whereby the voiceless alveolar stop consonant phoneme /t/ is pronounced as a voiced alveolar flap

Question 15

non-rhotic

Answer 15

a dialect of English in which r is pronounced in prevocalic position only, common in eastern New England, New York City, and Britain.

Question 16

rhotic

Answer 16

relating to or denoting a dialect or variety of English (in most of the US and southwestern England) in which r is pronounced before a consonant (as in hard ) and at the ends of words (as in far ).

Question 17

syllabic consonants

Answer 17

consonants which occupy the central part of the syllable

Question 18

constituents

Answer 18

the elements that make up a syllable

Question 19

onset

Answer 19

prevocalic slot

Question 20

coda

Answer 20

postvocalic slot

Question 21

vowel epenthesis

Answer 21

the insertion of vowels into syllables

Question 22

syllabification

Answer 22

assigning a syllable structure to a word

Question 23

Sonority Sequencing Principle

Answer 23

dictates that onsets (word-initial sounds) must rise in sonority and codas (ending sounds) must fall in sonority.

Question 24

sonority

Answer 24

the inherent loudness of sounds relative to one another

Question 25

Maximal Onset Principle

Answer 25

a principle determining underlying syllable division. It states that intervocalic consonants are maximally assigned to the onsets of syllables in conformity with universal and language-specific conditions