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Biology GCSE > Photosyntheis And Plants > Flashcards

Photosyntheis And Plants Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur

A

In the chloroplasts

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2
Q

What pigment is in chloroplasts

A

Chlorophyll

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3
Q

What does chlorophyll do

A

Traps light energy from the sun that is needed for photosynthesis

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4
Q

Things needed for photosynthesis

A

Light
Carbon dioxide
Water

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5
Q

Where does carbon dioxide enter

A

Through the stomata

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6
Q

Where does water enter

A

Roots

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7
Q

The products of photosynthesis

A

Glucose
Oxygen

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8
Q

How is glucose produced

A

Is produced through the conversion of the raw materials and this is usually converted immediately into starch for storage

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9
Q

What happens to oxygen once produced in photosynthesis

A

It is a waste product and released into the air

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10
Q

Why is photosynthesis important for animals as well as plants

A

Animals rely on plants for their food and it also releases oxygen back into the atmosphere, which is needed for respiration

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11
Q

Word equation for photosynthesis

A

Light
Carbon dioxide + water ————>. Glucose + oxygen
Chlorophyll

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12
Q

Symbol equation for photosynthesis

A

Light
6CO2 + 6H20. ————>. C6H12O6+ 6O2
Chlorophyll

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13
Q

What process is photosynthesis described as

A

Endothermic as it absorbs light energy

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14
Q

Describe the palisade mesophyll layer

A

Cells packed together with many chloroplasts

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15
Q

Describe spongy mesophyll layer

A

Cells with airspace’s large surface areas, moist walls and few chloroplasts

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16
Q

What does the waxy cuticle do

A

Prevents evaporation

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17
Q

What is special about the upper epidermis

A

No chloroplasts

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18
Q

What do you call the airspace’s in leaves

A

Intercellular air spaces

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19
Q

What are leaves adapted to do

A

Adapted to gas exchange and light absorbtion

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20
Q

Why are leaves good for light absorption

A

SHORT DISTANCE from top to bottom. Allows all cells to receive light

Leaves are broad and flat to create a LARGE SURFACE AREA for light absorption

Waxy cuticle is THIN AND TRANSPARENT to allow light to enter (also reduces water loss by evaporation)

The epidermis lacks Chloroplasts and so also allows light into the leaf

Palisade mesophyll layer is composed of tall, thin cells packed together near the upper surface of the leaf to receive light. These cells are rich in chloroplasts to absorb light energy

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21
Q

How are leaves adapted for gas exchange

A

INTERCELLULAR AIR SPACES in the spongy mesophyll layer. Allows carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen to leave the photosynthesising cells in the mesophyll layer

STOMATA allows carbon dioxide and oxygen to enter and leave the leaf. These are small pores that occur between cells in the epidermis. Each stomata is surrounded by two

GUARD CELLS which regulate the opening and closing of the stomata. They tend to be open during the day and closed at night.

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22
Q

What process causes gases to move through the intercellular air spaces and through the stomata

A

Diffusion

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23
Q

Describe pathway of carbon dioxide pathway through the a leaf

A

Enters leaf through stomata

Move by diffusion

Into intercellular air spaces

Into mesophyll cells

Into chloroplasts

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24
Q

What cells carry out the most photosynthesis

Study These Flashcards
A

Palisade mesophyll cells

25
3 uses of glucose
Respiration Storage Growth
26
Description of the use of glucose RESPIRATION
Used in respiration to provide energy
27
Use of glucose description STORAGE
The glucose is converted to starch and oils for storage
28
Use of glucose description GROWTH
The glucose can be converted into useful products which enable the plant to grow these include: Cellulose Chlorophyll Proteins
29
What solution is used to test the presence of starch
Iodine solution
30
What colour is iodine solution
Yellow/brown
31
What colour does iodine become when it reacts with starch
Blue/black
32
Step one of starch test
Place leaf in boiling water for atleast 30 secs
33
Why do you leave the leaf in boiling water for 30 seconds in the starch test
To kill Leaf and stop any reactions from happening
34
Step 2 in starch test
Boil leaf in alcohol
35
Why do you boil leaf in alcohol in the starch test
To remove chlorophyll making it a white colour and brittle
36
Step 3 of starch test
Dip leaf in warm wayer
37
Why do you dip leaf in warm water in the starch test
Soften it.
38
Step 4 of starch test
Add iodine to leaf
39
How can a leaf be de starched
Leave in a dark place for at least 48 hrs
40
What does leaving the leaf in dark for 48 hrs do
Ensures that all starch will leave the leaves and used by the plant cells or stored or removed somewhere else in the plant
41
1st step when testing to show light is necessary for photosynthesis
Destarch plant by keeping in cupboard for 2 days
42
2nd step when testing to show light is necessary for photosynthesis
Test a leaf from destarched plant for presence of starch. If test is negative continue to step 3
43
3rd step when testing to show light is necessary for photosynthesis
Cover a part of one leaf of the plant with card or foil
44
4th step when testing to show light is necessary for photosynthesis
Place plant in bright light for several hours
45
5th step when testing to show light is necessary for photosynthesis
Test leaf for starch
46
1st step in the experiment to show chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis
Destarch variegated plant by keeping in a cupboard for 2 days
47
2nd step in the experiment to show chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis
Test a leaf from the destarched plant for the presence of starch, if negative continue to step 3
48
3rd step in the experiment to show chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis
Place the plant in bright light for several hours
49
4th step in the experiment to show chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis
Test leaf for starch
50
How to achieve a leaf without carbon dioxide
Sodium hydroxide is added to remove CO2
51
How to achieve a leaf with CO2
Place water or chemical which releases CO2 in flask
52
How to prove oxygen gas is being collected
Put a glowing splint into test tube and it should relight
53
Factors which affect rate of photo synthesis
Light intensity Carbon dioxide concentration Temperature
54
Limiting factor of photosynthesis
Material that is in short supply that will determine the rate of photosynthesis
55
Word equation for respiration
Glucose + oxygen ———> water + energy
56
What indicator is used to test for carbon dioxide
Hydrogen carbonate indicator
57
What colour does hydrogen carbonate turn when decreased level of carbon dioxide
Purple
58
What colour does hydrogen carbonate turn when increased level of carbon dioxide
Yellow
59
What colour does hydrogen carbonate turn when normal level of carbon dioxide
Red

Biology GCSE (7 decks)

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