Photosynthesis Flashcards
(94 cards)
1
Q
what is the name of a process that converts light energy into chemical energy of food
A
photosynthesis
2
Q
what does autotroph means
A
self feeder
3
Q
state the 2 types of autotrophs
A
- photoautotroph
- chemoautotroph
4
Q
a process that uses the light energy to make organic molecules from H2O and CO2
A
photoautotroph
5
Q
a process that uses energy from inorganic substances (sulfur&ammonia)
A
chemoautotroph
6
Q
name the major locations of photosynthesis in plants
A
the leaves
7
Q
chloroplasts can be found in cells of the ___
A
mesophyll
8
Q
each mesophyll cell contains _____ chloroplasts
A
30-40
9
Q
thylakoids are stacked in column called ____
A
grana
10
Q
name the component that is inside of the thylakoids
A
chlorophyll
11
Q
state 3 raw materials for photosynthesis
A
CO2, H2O, light energy
12
Q
state 2 products of photosynthesis
A
glucose, oxygen
13
Q
_CO2 + _H2O + light -> C6H12O6 + _O2
A
6,6,6
14
Q
roots will absorb the ___ that moves up the vascular tissue
A
water
15
Q
____ will enter the leaf through _____,
A
CO2, stomata
16
Q
____ will exit the leaf through ____
A
O2, stomata
17
Q
in stroma, ___ is combined with ___ to form C6H12O6 (sugar)
A
CO2, H2O
18
Q
name the component in the leaf that will absorb solar energy
A
chlorophyll
19
Q
light are a form of _____ energy
A
electromagnetic
20
Q
light travels in _____
A
rhythmic waves
21
Q
longer wavelength photon will result in ____ energy
A
lower
22
Q
shorter wavelength will result in ___ energy
A
higher
23
Q
state the range of visible light
A
380nm-750nm
24
Q
name the substance that absorbs visible light
A
pigment
25
different pigment will absorb different _____
wavelength light
26
what happens when the lights strikes leaf?
clue: 3
- absorbed
- transmitted (pass through)
- reflected
27
why leaves are green?
because the chlorophyll reflects and transmits green light
28
chloroplasts contains several pigments. true/false
true
29
name all 5 pigments of the chloroplasts
- chlorophyll a
- chlorophyll b
- carotenoids
- xanthophyll
- phycocyanin
30
name the main photosynthetic pigment
chlorophyll a
31
what light does the main photosynthetic pigment absorbs?
blue and red light
32
name all 4 of the accessory photosynthetic pigment
- chlorophyll b
- carotenoids
- xanthophyll
- phycocyanin
33
what light does the chlorophyll b pigment reflect
blue green
34
what light does the carotenoids pigment reflect
yellow orange
35
name the pigment that does this:
- reflect yellow, orange, red light
- absorbs excessive light that would damage chlorophyll
carotenoids pigment
36
name the pigment that reflects yellow light.
xanthophyll
37
name the pigment that reflects blue, purple light
phycocyanin
38
a pigment will go from a ground state to an excited state when it ____
absorbs light
39
a pigment in an excited state is ____
unstable
40
_____ are given off when excited electrons fall back to the ground state
photons
41
the afterglow is called _____
fluoresecence
42
if illuminated, an isolated solution of chlorophyll will fluoresce, giving off ___
light and heat
43
physiological process by which autotrophic organisms use light energy to synthesize sugar and oxygen gas from carbon dioxide and water.
this is the definition of ____
photosynthesis
44
state 2 stages of photosynthesis
- light reaction (the photo part)
| - calvin cycle (the synthesis part)
45
name the photo part in photosynthesis
light reaction
46
name the synthesis part in photosynthesis
calvin cycle
47
where does the light reaction occurs
in the thylakoids
48
where does the calvin cycle occurs
in the stroma
49
how many steps are there in the light reaction
4
50
state the reaction where these occurs.
- split of H2O (photolysis)
- release O2
- reduce NADP+ to NADPH
- generate ATp (photophosphorylation)
the light reaction
51
state the 2 possible routes for electron flow in the light reaction
- noncyclic electron flow
| - cyclic electron flow
52
a reaction-center complex associated with light-harvesting complexes.
this is a definition of ___
photosystem
53
state the 2 types of photosystem in the thylakoid membrane
- photosystem II
| - photosystem I
54
the reaction center of chlorophyll a that is known as P680.
identify this photosystem
photosystem II
55
the reaction center of chlorophyll a that is known as P700.
identify this photosystem
photosystem I
56
why is photosystem II is known as P680?
it is best at absorbing a wavelength of 680nm
57
why is photosystem I is known as P700?
it is best at absorbing a wavelength of 700nm
58
is it true that photosystem consists of :
- light harvesting complex
- reaction center complex
true
59
state the function of accessory pigment molecule in the light harvesting complex of the photosystem
- to trap light energy and transfer to special chlorophyll a
| - to absorb excessive light that would damage cholorophyll
60
why would the accessory pigment molecule in the light harvesting complex absorb excessive light?
to prevent the chlorophyll from being damaged
61
state 3 accessory pigment molecule that is contained by the light harvesting complex
- chlorophyll a
- chlorophyll b
- carotenoids
62
state 2 component that is inside the reaction center complex
- 2 special chlorophyll a
| - primary electron acceptor
63
these two photosystems work together to use light energy to generate ATP and NADPH.
true or false?
true
64
ATP and NADPH. what are these?
the product of photosystem
65
state 2 possible routes for electron flow
- noncyclic electron flow
| - cyclic electron flow
66
the noncyclic electron flow is also known as ____
linear electron flow
67
what happens to the electrons ejected from the photosystems in the linear electron flow?
the electrons do not return to the cytochrome complex
68
state the product of the linear electron flow
ATP , NADPH
69
what happens to the electrons ejected from the photosystems in the cyclic electron flow?
the electrons will return to the cytochrome complex
70
state the product of the cyclic electron flow
ATP
71
does the linear electron flow involve both photosystem I and photosystem II?
yes
72
does the cyclic electron flow involve both photosystem I and photosystem II?
no. only photosystem I.
73
linear electron flow
(1) a ____ hits a pigment and its energy is passed among pigment molecules until it excites ____
photon, P680
74
linear electron flow
(2) an excited ____ from P680 is transferred to the ______. P680 will be ___ to P680+
electron, primary electron acceptor, oxidized
75
linear electron flow
(3) H2O is split by enzymes and the ___ are transferred from the hydrogen atoms to P680+. hence, P680+ will be ____ to P680.
___ will be released as a byproduct of this reaction.
electrons, reduced, oxygen
76
linear electron flow
(4) each electrons falls down an electron transport chain from the ____ of PSII -> Pq -> ___ -> Pc -> _____
primary electron acceptor, cytochrome complex, photosystem I
77
what does this list represent?
- primary electron acceptor
- Pq (plastoquinon)
- cytochrome complex
- Pc (plastocyanin)
- photosystem I
the electron pathway down an electron transport chain
78
linear electron flow
(5) ___ released by the fall drives the creation of a ____ across the thylakoid membrane.
diffusion of H+ (proton) across the membrane drives _____
energy, proton gradient, ATP synthesis
79
linear electron flow
(6) in PSI, transferred light energy excites ____ and loses an electron to the _____. then, P700+ will accept an ____ passed down from PSII.
P700, electron acceptor, electron
80
linear electron flow
| 7) each electron falls down an electron transport chain from the _____ to the protein ferredoxin (Fd
primary electron acceptor of PSI
81
linear electron flow
(8) the ____ are then transferred to ____ and reduced to NADPH. this reaction removes an H+ from the ____.
electrons, NADP+, stroma
82
list 2 end product of the light reaction
ATP and NADPH
83
will the cyclic electron flow release oxygen as a by product?
no. only linear electron flow does that.
84
will the cyclic electron flow use photosystem I only?
yes
85
state the electron flow (cyclic/linear) that produces only 1 end product
cyclic electron flow
86
is it true that the cyclic electron flow will generate surplus ATP and satisfy the higher demand in the calvin cycle?
yes
87
what type of electron flow is this?
primary acceptor -> Fd -> cytochrome complex -> Pc -> primary acceptor
cyclic electron flow
88
what is the final electron acceptor in the linear electron flow?
NADP+
89
what is the final electron acceptor in the lcyclic electron flow?
PS I
90
- photolysis
- the movement of electron from cytochrome complex to Pc
- formation of NADPH
what does these processes cause?
it creates a proton concentration gradient across the thylakoid space
91
name the process where H2O is being split producing H+
photolysis
92
will the movement of electron from cytochrome complex to Pc cause a proton gradient across thylakoid space?
yes.
93
what happens during the movement of electron from cytochrome complex to Pc that causes a proton gradient?
oxidation of cytochrome complex is coupled with the pumping of 4H+ from stroma to thylakoid space.
94
in the formation of NADPH, H+ is ____ from stroma when it is taken up by NADP+. this will ___ the concentration of H+ in the stroma
removed, reduce
