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Biology - Photosynthesis > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Plants are….

A

Autotrophs (or producers)

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2
Q

Plants produce…

A

Chemical energy from solar energy

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3
Q

The process of producing chemical energy from solar energy is called…

A

Photosynthesis

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4
Q

Photosynthesis occurs in … Different reactions

A

3

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5
Q

What is the first reaction of photosynthesis?

A

Light absorption by chlorophyll

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6
Q

What is the second reaction of photosynthesis?

A

Light dependent reactions (Electron Transport Chain & Chemiosmosis)

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7
Q

What is the third reaction of photosynthesis?

A

Light Independent reaction (Calvin Cycle)

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8
Q

Where does light absorption by chlorophyll occur?

A

Thylakoids

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9
Q

Where does light dependent reactions occur?

A

Thylakoid membrane

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10
Q

Where does light independent reactions occur?

A

Stroma

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11
Q

Any green part of a plant contains the pigment…

A

Chlorophyll

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12
Q

Chlorophyll reflects … Light

A

Green

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13
Q

Chlorophyll absorbs … Light

A

Red and blue

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14
Q

Chlorophyll absorbs the … Energy needed to begin photosynthesis

A

Light

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15
Q

Chloroplast are concentrated in the cells of the …

A

Mesophyll

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16
Q

Mesophyll is…

A

Green tissue on the exterior of the leaf

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17
Q

Every mesophyll contains numerous …

A

Chloroplasts

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18
Q

Stomata (stoma) are pores on the leaf where….

A

CO² enters and O² exits

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19
Q

Stroma is the …

A

Fluid compartment enclosed by the inner membrane

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20
Q

Stroma is the site of…

A

Sugar Synthesis from CO²

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21
Q

Grana are …

A

Stacks of membranous sacs of thylakoids

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22
Q

Thylakoids are…

A

Individual sacs that contain the Chlorophyll within the thylakoid membrane

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23
Q

Thylakoids are the site of..

A

Light absorption

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24
Q

Overall equation of photosynthesis…

A

6CO² + 6H²O + light energy → C⁶H¹²O⁶ + 6O²

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25
Q

Plants produce O² gas by

A

Splitting water molecules

26
Q

Photosynthesis is a … Reaction

A

Redox

27
Q

When light is absorbed by the chlorophyll, it converts solar energy to…

A

Electrical energy (the flow of electrons)

28
Q

A discreet package of light energy is called a …

A

Photon

29
Q

When a pigment absorbs a photon, one of the electrons gain energy, raising it from…

A

Ground state to an excited state

30
Q

The … State of an electron is very …

A

Excited ; unstable

31
Q

As soon as a photon of light is absorbed the … Begins

A

Transport of electrons

32
Q

The ETC takes place in a …

A

Photosystem

33
Q

A photosystem is a …

A

Unit of several hundred chlorophyll molecules and carrier molecules

34
Q

Most plants have … Types of photosystems

A

2

35
Q

PSI contains mostly Chlorophyll w optimum absorption of … Light at … nm

A

Red ; 700

36
Q

PSII has best absorption at … nm, and is a … Colour

A

680 ; orange red

37
Q

… Can function on its own and carry out the first stage of photosynthesis alone

A

PSI

38
Q

The ETC begins in …

A

PSII

39
Q

[4th step of ETC] NADP+ is reduced to …

A

NADPH

40
Q

Chemiosmosis is …

A

Diffusion of chemicals through a membrane that results in ATP formation

41
Q

When NADP+ is reduced to NADPH, it breaks a … Molecule into … And …

A

Water ; H+ ; O²

42
Q

The ETC within the thylakoids trigger …

A

Chemiosmosis

43
Q

The concentration of H+ is … Inside the thylakoid space than in the …

A

Higher ; stroma

44
Q

The … And …. Formed in the light…. Reactions are used as the energy to drive the light… Reaction

A

NADPH ; ATP ; dependent ; independent

45
Q

Light independent reaction is also known as

A

Calvin Cycle / Carbon Fixation

46
Q

The … Cycle has … Major steps that is … By a specific enzyme

A

Calvin ; 4 ; catalyzed

47
Q

The Calvin Cycle is also referred to as the … Pathway because of it’s 3C intermediate PGA

A

C³

48
Q

What are the four major steps of the Calvin Cycle?

A

1) CO² diffuses into the stroma; rubisco binds to a CO² molecule to a 5-C RuBP to form a 6-C molecule
2) 2 molecules of 2-PGA is formed
3) 3PGA is changed to G3P (ATP and NADPH are used)
4) Most of the G3P regenerates more RuBP

49
Q

Why is Calvin Cycle a cycle?

A

Because most of G3P regenerates more RuBP

50
Q

Photosynthetic autotrophs use intermediate compounds such as … To form a variety of organic compounds such as…

A

G3P ; amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates

51
Q

What are other Carbon-Fixing pathways?

A

C⁴ and CAM

52
Q

C⁴ and CAM plants open their … At night

A

Stomata

53
Q

Examples of C⁴ plants?

A

Corn, sugarcane, crabgrass

54
Q

What are examples of CAM plants?

A

Cactus and pineapples

55
Q

NADP+ is

A

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

56
Q

NAD+ is

A

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

57
Q

FAD+

A

Flavin adenine dinucleotide

58
Q

ADP is

A

Adenosine diphosphate

59
Q

ATP is

A

Adenosine triphosphate

60
Q

3PGA is

A

3 phosphoglyceric acid

61
Q

RuBP is

A

Ribulose biphosphate

62
Q

CAM is

A

Crassulacean Acid Metabolism

Biology - Photosynthesis (2 decks)

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