photosynthesis

Question 1

what are sunlight, water, and carbon used to?

Answer 1

1) store energy
2) from plant matter

Question 2

how is energy stored

Answer 2

the chemical bonds of sugars

Question 3

what is used to generate ATP

Answer 3

energy stored in sugars

Question 4

what is the photosynthesis equation

Answer 4

6CO2 + 6H20 —> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 5

what does light-dependent regions do

Answer 5

1) captures light energy
2) removal of hydrogen from H2)
3) conversion of light energy into chemical energy (NADPH & ATP)

Question 6

what does light-independent reaction do

Answer 6

1) storage of chemical energy in sugar
2) reduction of CO2 in the light-dependent region

Question 7

what is photons

Answer 7

packets of light energy that light travels through

Question 8

what happens when a photon meets a particle

Answer 8

1) Bounce off the molecule -> reflected
2) Pass through the molecule -> transmitted
3) Be absorbed -> adding energy to the molecule

Question 9

what happens to pigments on plants

Answer 9

the pigments will absorb the wavelengths in the visible spectrum

Question 10

what ill energy do in pigments

Answer 10

it will cause one of the electrons within the molecule to be raised to a higher energy level

Question 11

where does photosynthesis take place?

Answer 11

chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells

Question 12

where is chlorophyll found

Answer 12

found within thylakoids of chloroplasts

Question 13

where is chlorophyll also found

Answer 13

the space outside of thylakoids is called stroma

Question 14

how is free energy captured

Answer 14

by pigments in plants

Question 15

what colors does chlorophyll absorb?

Answer 15

red and blue

Question 16

what color is reflected by chlorophyll

Answer 16

green

Question 17

what are photosystems

Answer 17

light-harvesting complexes where light absorption happens

Question 18

where are photosystems I and II

Answer 18

embedded in the thylakoid -> internal membrane of cholorplast

Question 19

what connects the photosystems

Answer 19

Electron Transport Chain

Question 20

how are electrons energized in Photosystems 1 and 11

Answer 20

chlorophyll absorbs free energy in light

Question 20

how does the ETC connect the photosystems

Answer 20

connect the transfer of free energy electrons

Question 21

what happens in thylakoid membrane

Answer 21

light-dependent reactions

Question 21

what is C3

Answer 21

C3 is used for normal synthesis

Question 22

what happens to the electron after it is energized?

Answer 22

passed on to an electron acceptor protein

Question 23

how is the energy used in light-dependent regions?

Answer 23

they pump hydrogen ions across the thylakoid membrane to the interior lumen

Question 24

what happens in the PS II

Answer 24

1) after the last chlorophyll gives up its electron -> it is very unstable 2) last choloropyll will grab electron from water ( hydrogen and electrons are stripped off) 3) oxygen is released off into atmosphere 4) hydrogen remains in lumen

Question 25

explain the trend of energy in electrons in PS II and PS I

Answer 25

since H20 is broken apart-> the electrons are very excited and hat goes through Etc and decreased and as light energy strikes, it shoots back up

Question 25

what is photophosphorylation

Answer 25

using sunlight to power ETC

Question 25

what happens in PS I

Answer 25

1) the "last chlorophyll" will give up the electron to the "terminal electron acceptor" --> NADP+ will form into NADPH 2) electrons are replenished with electrons from PS II

Question 25

what enters in photosynthesis

Answer 25

water in light reactions co2 in calvin cycle

Question 26

what happens in photophosphorylation

Answer 26

1) hydrogen ions will build up inside the thylakoid when water is split 2) ETC will also pump hydrogen ions across the thylakoid membrane 3) the proton gradient is made and it will make ATP with ATP synthase

Question 27

what leaves in photosynthesis

Answer 27

o2 in light reactions sugar ( CH2O) in calvin cycle

Question 28

where does the calvin cycle take place

Answer 28

within the stroma of the chloroplast

Question 29

what is used in the Calvin cycle

Answer 29

ATP and NADPH are used to fix CO2 into glucose

Question 30

what happens to CO2 in the Calvin cycle

Answer 30

it is reduced ---> electrons are giving to it -> stripped from AtP and NADPH

Question 31

what are the sugars used for

Answer 31

- building other carbon compounds -energy

Question 32

what does the light reactions give to the calvin cycle

Answer 32

ATP and NADPH

Question 33

what does the calvin cycle give to the light reactions

Answer 33

NADP+ and ADP + P

Question 34

how is carbon fixed

Answer 34

uses an enzyme called Rubisco

Question 35

what are the three steps into fixing carbon

Answer 35

1) carbon fixation 2) reduction 3) regeneration

Question 36

how do CO2 and O2 love in and out of plants

Answer 36

the stomata can open and close

Question 37

what is C4

Answer 37

O2 is fixed instead of CO2 in the Calvin cycle different enzyme is used and not all cells will fix CO2 into sugar

Question 38

what is the result of using only C4

Answer 38

less sugars are made and less water is needed

Question 39

what is CAM

Answer 39

when CO2 is taken only at night and stromata is closed during day so less water is needed and less sugar are made

Question 40

what is the difference in C3 and C4 and CAM pathways

Answer 40

in the C3 pathway -> all of it happens in the same cell in the C4 and CAM pathway -> different cell used to fix carbon

Question 41

what enzyme is used in C4 and CAM

Answer 41

PEP carboxylase

Question 42

what plants use C3

Answer 42

80% of all plants

Question 43

what uses C4

Answer 43

corn, sugar cane, most dry grasses

Question 44

what uses CAM

Answer 44

pinapple and cactus