Photosynthesis Flashcards
(24 cards)
1
Q
Photosynthesis purpose
A
- convert light E (radiant E), CO2 and H2O into glucose (CPE) and O2 (Byproduct)
2
Q
Photosynthesis Equation
A
6H2O(l) + 6CO2(l) + Radiant E → C6H12O6 + 6O2
3
Q
Photosynthesis layers in leaf
A
- Palisade Layer
- Tightley packed long cells which do majority of Photosynthesis. Have Chloroplasts
- Spongey tissue cells
- Loosely packed long cells
- Do contain chloroplasts
- Stomata
- Small openings in epiderman layer
- Have guard cells
- water and gasses diffuse out
HIgh pressure = open stomata
- low water pressure = closed stoomatoa
Low pressure in guard cells = closed stomata
4
Q
Autotrophs
A
- Trap E from sun - have chloroplasts
- Make there own food
- other one is heterotrophs (humans_
5
Q
Other pigments besides chlorphyll
A
- Carotenoids = orange, yellow, red
- Anthocyanins: red, purple, blue
- Betalains = Red → Blue (except green)
6
Q
Chlorophyll
A
- pigment that makes plant green
- trap + absorb + convert solar E
7
Q
Chloroplasts
A
- contain chlorophyll
- 40-200 per leaf
- Bound in double layered membrane
- fluid inside = stroma
- green pankace = thylakoid, stack = grana/granum
8
Q
The sun
A
- Giant nuclear reactor
- 2 H+ ions fused and converted into He
- energy is called electromagnetic radiation
- Atmosphere reflects most dangerous rays
9
Q
Cyclic and non cyclic
A
2 pathways of light independant RXN
10
Q
Goal of chlorophyll
A
- Trap light E and generate two high energy molecules: ATP, NAPH
11
Q
Antenna complex
A
- proteins funnel light to a central reaction:
1. When a photon hits chlorophyll a, an e- to become excited and jumps to higher electron
2. before electron can swoop in an PEA swoops in and steals it
12
Q
Photosystem 1 and 2 light
A
1= 700nm
2= 680nm
13
Q
PS 1, PS 2 simeltaneous occurence
A
Photons hit chlorophyll which excites the e-
14
Q
PS 2 steps
A
- Photons hit chlorophyll and excite electron (same time with PS 1)
- excited electron gets passed down ETC
- this pumps H+ to thylakoid lumen - creates concentration gradient which creates flow of H+ back to stroma
- ATP synthase couples the flow of H+ to the synthesis of a phosphorus and a ADP
15
Q
PS 1 steps
A
- photons hit chlorophyll and excite e-
- excited electron gets picked up by PEA - ferredoxin
- ferredoxin passes e- to NADP reductase which reduced NADP+ (final e- acceptor) to NADPH
- H+ ions floating in stroma are also picked up by NADP+
16
Q
photolosys
A
- splitting of water in thylakoid lumen to create 2H+ and 1/2 O2
- Split by light E
- H+ used for ATP synthase and glucose
- O2 released as byproduct
- H2O is primary electron donor - given to Ps2
17
Q
Light independant RXN
A
- NADP and ATP from light dependant RXN are in high concentration in the stroma.
- E from these molecules synthesize glucose
18
Q
Calvin Benson cycle overveiw
A
- can occur in day or night (dark rxn)
- dependant on light rxn to produce nadph and atp
- also requires CO2
- in the stroma of chloroplasts
19
Q
Purpose of Calvin Benson cycle
A
- Convert CO2 to organic sugar
- Create 3 C molecule called PGAL/G3P
20
Q
Stages of Calvin Benson
A
- Carbon Fixation - stage A
- Reduction - stage B
- Replacing RuBP/Regeneration - stage C
21
Q
Carbon fixation
A
- CO2 chemically bonds to RuBP - 5C
-RUBISCO* - enzyme - catalyses the bonding
- result is unstable 6C molecule that immediately breaks into 2 3C molecules
22
Q
Reduction
A
- The 3C molecules are activated and reduced from low to high E by ATP and NADPH
- the result of this activation is 2 PGAL molecules - 3C
23
Q
Replacing RuBP/Regeneration
A
- ATP E breaks and regenerate RuBP from PGAL
24
Q
How many times does Calvin Cycle happen and productions
A
- Happens 6 times to regenerate one glucose moleculse
- 12 PGAL are produced - 10 used to regenerate RuBP = 30 c, 2 used to form glucose = 6C
- two calvin cycles per one glucose
- 6 CO2, 18 ATP, 12 NADP reduced for 2 PGAL
- glucose either sent for cell resp or other building and storage stuff
