Phycological Theorys

Question 1

Theories of attachment

Answer 1

Attachment is a long lasting bond between two individuals
Specifically refuses to the bond between an infant and there primary caregiver

Question 2

Who make Theory of attachment

Answer 2

Harry Harlow in 1958

Question 3

What was Harry Harlow conclusion

Answer 3

Harry Harlow concluded that in theory of attachment ‘contact comfort’ was more important than feeding

Question 4

Cognitive development

Answer 4

Cognitive development is a gradual and life long process that refuses to mental activities, like thinking, understanding and learning

Question 5

Who came up with the cognitive development theory

Answer 5

Jean Piaget

Question 6

What is the theory of cognitive development

Answer 6

During cognitive development the brain builds Schemas - mental structures that organise past and future experiences. Through the process of accomodation and assimilation

Question 7

Assimilation

Answer 7

Stage is in cognitive development

Taking a in information and fitting it into part of an existing schema

Eg. Kid sees a trush called it a car

Question 8

Accomodation

Answer 8

Changing or creating a new schema

Eg. A young child sees a car calles it a truck and then there mum explains the difference

Question 9

What are the 4 stages of cognitive development and ages

Answer 9

Sensormotor -0-2
Pre operational 2-7
Concrete operational 7-13
Formal operational -13 onwards

Question 10

Cognitive development sensorymotor stage

Answer 10

Age 0-2
Infants construct understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences.

2 key cognitive accomplishments

Question 11

What are the key cognitive accomplishments for sensorimotor stage

Answer 11

1. Object performance
   -understanding than an object continues to exist even after the infant can no longer see it
   2.Goal directed behaviour
   Carrying out behaviour with a particular goal in mind

Question 12

The pre operational stage

Answer 12

2-7
- able to assimilate and accommodate therefore think in more complex ways
-internally represent events - think and image things in there minds

Question 13

Jean Piaget key accomplishments of cognitive development

Answer 13

-elephants and turtles can’t run

1. Egocentrism (inability to see things from others view)

2.Animism (belief that everything has a consciousness)

3.transformation
(understanding that smt can change)

4.centration (focus on one thing at once)

5.reversibility (follow a sequence)

Question 14

Operational state -cognitive development
Key accomplishment

Answer 14

Ages 7-12

Conservation -understanding that properties of a object can remind the same

Classification-Ability to organise objects or events into Categories (water and ice)

Question 15

The formal operational stage

Answer 15

12 and onwards
More complex thoughts and thinking does not reply on being able to see things

Question 16

Key cognitive development accomplishments- Formal stage

Answer 16

1. Abstract thinking
2. Logical thinking (think systematically)

Question 17

Criticisms of Jean Paige’s theory of cognitive development

Answer 17

Small number of patients involving his kids
Overestimated young children’s Language ability

Question 18

Who came up with Social development theory

Answer 18

Albert Bandura

Question 19

What is the social development theory
Experiment

Answer 19

In Bunduras experiment children watched the behaviour of others, and the children resulting behaviour when examined

Question 20

Social theory

Answer 20

Social behaviours are learnt primarily by observing and imitating the actions of others

These behaviours are influenced by rewards and or punished for actions

Question 21

What are the elements of observational learning

Answer 21

Attention -learner actively
Retention -stores memory
Reproduction -act out behaviour
Motivation -must want and desire to learn
Reinforcement -reinforced or punished

Question 22

What is Bunduras experience
And his aim

Answer 22

The social experiment
Investigated the effectiveness of observational learning in preschool children.

Knows as the Bo Bo doll experiment, aimed to investigate if aggression could be learnt through observational learning

Question 23

What are the stages of Bunduras experiment

Answer 23

1: Modeling
2:Aggression arousal
3:Test for delayed imitation

Question 24

State 1 of Bunduras experiment -Modelling explain

Answer 24

Initially children shown into a room containing toys and played in a corner for 10 minutes.

25 watched a male or female model behaving aggressively towards a toy called “Bobo doll” adults attached doll

Another 24 were exposed to a non-aggressive model

The final 24 were not exposed to any modle

Question 25

Explain state 2 Banduras experiment - Aggression Arousal

Answer 25

Each child was taken into a room with toys

As soon as child started playing with toy the experimenter took them to achieve a feeling of anger

Question 26

Stage 3: Bunduras experience
- Test for delayed imitation

Answer 26

The next room had aggressive toys and non aggressive toys

Question 27

What were the results of Banduras experiment

Answer 27

Children who observed the aggressive model made far more imitative aggressive responses

The girls - showed physical aggression with males but verbally aggressive with other females

Boys- boys were more likely to copy other males

Overall boys were more aggressive