Phylogenic's_refined

Question 1

What is the acronym Dr. Julian told us to help remember the order of hierarchy?

Answer 1

King Phil Came Over For Good Spaghetti

Question 2

Explain the difference between analogous structures and homologous structures.

Answer 2

Homologous structures have the same basic plan but are adapted for a different function. For example, the pentadactyl limb of vertebrates has the same arrangement of bones in a bat’s wing, a human arm, a dolphin’s flipper and a mole’s claw. Although the basic plan is the same (single bone, two parallel bones, a block of bones and five digits) the plan has been adapted for a range of purposes. Analogous structures do the same job but have different origins, for example a moth’s wing and an eagle’s wing, or an ant’s leg and a dog’s leg.

Question 3

What is evolutionary reversal?

Answer 3

a character reverts from a derived state back to an ancestral state in this event

Question 4

Explain the importance of synapomorphies in constructing accurate phylogenetic trees.

Answer 4

synamorphies are derived traits that are evidence of common ancestry

Question 5

Distinguish what a derived trait is…

Answer 5

trait present (newbie) in descendant. The derived trait evolves from the ancestral trait

Question 6

Distinguish what an ancestral trait is…

Answer 6

trait that was present in an ancestor. A character can revert from the derived trait back to the ancestral trait in evolutionary reversal.

Question 7

Provide an example where taxonomy does not accurately reflect phylogeny…

Answer 7

The example we discussed in lecture was the case of birds and reptiles. Under the current taxonomy, reptiles (Class Reptilia) are a separate taxonomic class from birds (Class Aves) - this would make one believe that reptiles and birds evolved from a common ancestor, and evolved on separate evolutionary paths. In fact, birds evolved from a group of reptiles (the archosuars), so they are technically a type of reptile. If we wanted to make taxonomy reflect phylogeny, aves would be a lower taxonomy group (such as order), and be placed within the class reptilian.

Question 8

Provide an example of when taxonomy has been revised to better reflect phylogeny.

Answer 8

When Taxonomy has been revised to better reflect phylogeny- ex. Three Domains of Life; Eukarya, Archaea, and Bacteria HOWEVER it used to only be Eukarya and Bacteria