Phylogeny

Question 1

Define phylogeny

Answer 1

Evolutionary relationships between organisms. It looks at how closely organisms are related.​

(Phylogenetics is the study of this)​

Question 2

Define monophyletic

Answer 2

Belong to the same phylogenetic group ( e.g humans and gorillas)

Question 3

When did grizzly bears and polar bears diverge

Answer 3

500,000 to 600,000 years ago

Question 4

Can polar bears and grizzly bears mate and produce viable offspring

Answer 4

Yes (Pizzly)

Question 5

List differences between frogs and toads

Answer 5

Frog:
Smooth slimy skin

Are seen in a wide variety of bright shades

Have long hind legs and leap

Live around water

Toads:
Rough, warty skin

Dull shades of brown and green

Short hind legs, mostly hop or crawl

Live longer on land, away from water

Question 6

Do species apply well to all organisms

Answer 6

Species don’t apply well to microbes or even asexual plants​ (It’s difficult to segregate these organisms into species)

Question 7

Define courtship behaviours

Answer 7

Behaviours used to attract a mate of the right species. These behaviours can involve the male, the female or both.​

Question 8

What are the roles of courtship behaviours

Answer 8

Allows members of the same species to recognise each other​

Prevents interbreeding ​

Increases success of reproduction​

Question 9

What may happen if an individual lost its ability to perform elements of a courtship behaviour correctly

Answer 9

The affected individuals may not mate with the rest of the population​

They may develop their own courtship behaviours​

​This could lead to genetic isolation, potentially resulting in two distinct species forming over time

Question 10

Can you tell if a species is closely related with singing

Answer 10

Yes. E.g. Sine song and Pulse song in Drosophila box fruit flies. The more similar the peaks, the more closely related