Physic mini study guide 1 (states of matter-avogadros number) Flashcards

(71 cards)

1
Q

what is the boiling point?

A

the temperature at which a liquid’s vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what happens to the boiling point with increased atmospheric pressure?

A

increased boiling point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what happens to the boiling point with decreased atmospheric pressure?

A

decreased boiling point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe where you may encounter decreased atmospheric pressure?

A

mountains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe where you may encounter increased atmospheric pressure

A

HBO chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the specific heat mean?

A

the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree celcius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the vapor pressure? describe?

A

the pressure that molecules in the gas phase exert on the walls of the container

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the vapor pressure primarily dependent on?

A

the liquid’s temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

with the temperature of a liquid increases what happens to the vapor pressure?

A

increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

with the temperature of a liquid decreases what happens to the vapor pressure?

A

decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the vapor pressure at body temperature?

A

47 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does not affect vapor pressure?

A

altitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the process called, by which a liquid is converted to a gas?

A

vaporization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

vaporization requires what?

A

energy (heat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe what latent heat of vaporization?

A

the number of calories required to convert 1 gram of liquid to vapor without a temperature change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the vapor pressure of sevoflurane?

A

157 torr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the vapor pressure of isoflurane?

A

238 torr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the vapor pressure of halothane?

A

243 torr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the vapor pressure of desflurane?

A

669 torr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

why does desflurane require a special vaporizer?

A

because its vapor pressure is so close to atmospheric pressure that it becomes chaotic that it all wants to go to a gas resulting in inconsistence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

if sevoflurane is placed in isoflurane’s vaporizer, what could happen? how?

A

you could overdose your patient

because the isoflurane has a higher vapor pressure than sevoflurane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

fresh gas flows over the anesthetic liquid carrying some of the agent present in the gas phase to the patient for anesthetic purposes, however, this will cool the liquid which reduces what?

A

the vapor pressure of the liquid and thus the vaporizer output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how does modern vaporizers compensate for the temperature changes due to the fresh gas flow cooling effect? 3 examples?

A

1) they use metals with high thermal conductivity. they transfer heat easily like cooper and bronze
(2) they use a temperature compensation valve to modulate the amount of FGF that is directed into the vaporizing chamber(SEVO, ISO)
(3) they apply direct heat to the anesthetic liquid (DES)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

describe the joule thompson effect?

A

a gas stored at high pressure that is suddenly released from its container quickly looses it speed and temperature (due to a loss of kinetic energy)

Rapid compression of a gas intensifies its kinetic energy, causing the temperature to rise

remember JOULE is COOL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is the adiabatic process?
a process that occurs without gain or loss of energy (heat)
26
give an example of an adiabatic process?
rapid expansion or compression of a gas where there is no transfer of energy.
27
describe what the critical temperature is?
the highest temperature a gas can exist as a liquid
28
what is the critical temperature of nitrous oxide?
36.5C
29
what is room temperature in celcius?
20C
30
what is the critical temperature of oxygen?
-119C
31
what is the critical temperature of carbon dioxide?
31 C
32
what is the critical temperature of air?
-140 C
33
what is the critical temperature of nitrogen?
-147 C
34
describe what critical pressure is?
the minimum pressure required to convert a gas to a liquid at its temperature
35
what is the absolute temperature scale measured in?
kelvin
36
0 degrees celcius equals what in kelvin?
273 Kelvin
37
what is the equation to convert kelvin to celsius
K - 273
38
what is the equation to convert celsius to kelvin
C+273
39
There is ______ degrees between the boiling and freezing points of water on the Fahrenheit scale
180
40
There is _______ degrees between the boiling and freezing points of water of the celsius scale?
100
41
what is the equation to convert fahrenheit to celsius
(F-32) x 5/9
42
what is the equation to convert celsius to fahrenheit?
(Cx1.8) +32
43
air pressure results from ____ pulling on the atmosphere.
gravity
44
atmospheric pressure, is the pressure associated with ____ in the atmosphere?
gas
45
what is used to measure pressure on gas cylinders?
bourdon gauge
46
how does a bourdon gauge measure gas cylinder pressure?
measures the pressure difference between the pressure exerted by the gas in a cylinder and the atmospheric pressure.
47
what is gauge pressure?
the pressure of a system above or below atmospheric pressure
48
what is the absolute pressure?
a total of atmospheric pressure plus the gauge pressure
49
1 atm equals how many mmHg
760
50
1 atm equals how many torr?
760
51
760 torr equal how many bar
1
52
1 bar equals how many kPa
100 kPa
53
100 kPa equals how many cm H2O?
1033
54
1033 cm H2O equals how many lb/inch2?
14.7 lb/inch2
55
1 mmHg equals how many cm H20?
1.36 cm H2O
56
1 cm H2O equals how many mmHg?
0.74 mmHg
57
what is the equation for pressure?
force/area
58
increased area = _____ pressure
decreased
59
decreased area = ____ pressure
increased
60
what is the standard molar volume?
22.4 L
61
what is STP?
standard temperature and pressure, used to compare sets of data between gases
62
0 celsius = ____ atm
1
63
273.16 K = _____ mmHg
760 mmHg
64
______ kPa = 273.16 kelvin
101.325 kPa
65
_____ kelvin= 760 torr
273.16 Kelvin
66
Avogadro's number is what?
1 mole of any gas is made up of 6.023 x 10^23 atoms
67
A mole of a gas is equal to the __________ of that gas in grams
molecular weight | meaning if the molecular weight of helium is 4 grams, then 4 grams of helium contains 6.023 x 10 ^23 atoms
68
diatomic gases have ____ molecules?
2
69
give an example of a diatomic molecule?
oxygen
70
so one mole of oxygen weighs?
32 grams instead of 16 grams, because it is diatomic
71
so how many atoms is in 32 grams of oxygen?
6.023 x 10^23 atoms