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final exam principles of nurse anesthesia > mini study guide gas laws > Flashcards

mini study guide gas laws Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the equation for Charle’s Law?

A

Volume/ Temperature
V1/T1= V2/T2

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2
Q

as volume increases, temperature ______

A

increases

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3
Q

as volume decreases, temperature ______

A

decreases

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4
Q

give an example of charles law in the anesthesia practice?

A

A LMA ruptures in an autoclave

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5
Q

so according to Charle’s law, there is a ____ relationship between volume and temperature

A

direct

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6
Q

Describe Boyles Law?

A

there is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume
P1V1=P2V2

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7
Q

as pressure increases, the volume ______

A

decreases

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8
Q

as pressure ______, as volume increases

A

decreases

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9
Q

give an example of of boyles law in anesthesia?

A

diaphragm contraction increases tidal volume
squeezing an ambu bag

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10
Q

describe gay-lussac’s law?

A

direct relationship of pressure and temperature

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11
Q

as temperature increases, pressure ____

A

increases

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12
Q

as temperature decreases, pressure _______

A

decreases

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13
Q

give an example of gay lussacs law?

A

oxygen tank explodes in a heated environment, because pressure increases

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14
Q

what is avogadro’s law?

A

equal volumes of gases under the same conditions have equal number of molecules.

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15
Q

so as the number of mols increase, the volume ____

A

increases

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16
Q

remember amount for the avogadros law is measured in?

A

mols

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17
Q

ideal gas law is described?

A

PV=nrT
n and r are constant
n= number of moles
r= universal gas constant

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18
Q

what is the only constant unit of measurement in temperature scales is _________

A

kelvin

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19
Q

what is the actual equation for Boyles Law?

A

P1 x V1 = P2 x V2

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20
Q

what is the actual equation for Charles law?

A

V1/T1 = V2/T2

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21
Q

What is the actual equation for Gay-Lussac’s Law?

A

P1/T1 = P2/T2

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22
Q

if you had to reduce the ideal gas law down, what would the formula be?

A

P=T/V

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23
Q

pneumatic bellow function, would be an example of what gas law?

A

Boyles Law

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24
Q

Using the bourdon pressure gauge to calculate how much O2 is left in a cylinder (assumes a given flow rate) is an example of what gas law?

A

boyles Law

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25
what is the number for the r in the ideal gas law?
constant 0.0821 liter-atm/k/mole
26
describe dalton's law of partial pressures
the total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures exerted by each gas in the mixture
27
what is the equation for daltons law of partial pressure?
Ptotal= Pgauge + Patmosphere
28
what law allows you to calculate the partial pressure of an unmeasured gas?
Daltons Law
29
what is the total pressure equal to in Daltons Law?
atmospheric pressure
30
how do you convert partial pressure to volumes percent?
partial pressure divided by the total pressure multiplied that product by 100
31
volumes percent is a way to communicate a solutions \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
concentration
32
how do you convert a volumes percent to a partial pressure?
you would multiple the volume percent by the atmospheric pressure (AKA the total pressure) so if you had 2% sevo, you would do 0.02x760=15.2 mmHg of sevo for a partial pressure
33
so what would the partial pressure be for nitrous oxide of 2L/min if the total gas flow is 3L/min?if the atmospheric pressure is 650 mmHg?
2/3=0.66x650=429 mmHg
34
what is henry's Law? what must be constant? what type of relationship present?
the amount of gas that dissolves in a solution is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas over the solution. the temperature must be constant.
35
the higher the partial pressure of a gas, what happens to the solubility?
increases
36
how does temperature affect solubility? what is the relationship?
solubility decreases with increased temperature inverse relationship
37
each gas has its own _____ coefficient
solubility
38
define solubility?
how easily the gas can be put into a solution
39
what is the solubility coefficient for oxygen?
0.003 mL/dL/mmHg
40
what is the solubility coefficient for carbon dioxide?
0.067 mL/dL/mmHg
41
Carbon dioxide is ___ times more soluble than oxygen
20 times
42
describe how solubility is affected for the anesthesia provider with a hypothermic patient?
anesthetic emergence is prolonged in the hypothermic patient because the solubility of the gas is increased, so less of it leaves the body per unit of time
43
how can you calculate oxygen delivery?
by multiplying the PaO2 by the oxygen solubility coefficient (0.003), allowing us to calculate how much oxygen is dissolved in the blood
44
how could you apply henry's law to a hypoxic patient?
increase FIO2 or place patient in the hyperbaric chamber, both of which will increase the partial pressure of oxygen delivered, thereby increasing the solubility of the oxygen.
45
if you hasten the transfer of a volatile anesthetic at the alveolocapillary interface, you can increase the transfer into the brain, this process is called?
overpressuring the vaporizer
46
describe grahams law?
the rate of gas diffusion is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight
47
fick's law describes?
the transfer rate of gas through a tissue medium
48
the rate of transfer of a gas is directly proportional to?
partial pressure difference (driving force) diffusion coefficient (solubility) membrane surface area
49
rate of transfer of a gas is inversely proportional to?
membrane thickness molecular weight
50
what two laws are incorporated into Ficks Equation?
henrys law grahams law
51
what law would apply with diffusion hypoxia?
Fick's Law of Diffusion
52
what law would apply when a COPD patient with reduced alveolar surface area, has a slow inhalation induction?
ficks law
53
what law applies for drug transfer across the placenta?
fick's law
54
Flow is defined as the movement of per unit of time?
electricity, fluid or air per unit of time
55
describe Ohm's Law? describe the relationships.
the current passing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance.
56
voltage is known as the driving pressure, or what hemodynamic term?
blood pressure
57
the current is known as? or the hemodynamic term?
flow cardiac output
58
the impedance is known as? hemodynamic term?
resistance SVR
59
what is the equation for ohm's law?
``` I= V/R I= electric current v= voltage difference r= resistance ``` or can be Flow/ pressure gradient/resistance
60
Poiseuilles Law describe it? incorporates what?
Ohm's law that incorporates vessel diameter, viscosity, tube length
61
as the diameter of a tube gets smaller, what happens to the resistance and why?
the resistance to flow is increased because a greater proportion of the fluid is in contact with the wall of the tube.
62
what is the equation for flow if it is laminar? then give the simplified equation?
πr4(P2 - P1) / viscosity x 8 x length
63
what is the real equation for Poiseuille's Law?
π x R4 x change in pressure/ 8 x viscosity x length of tube
64
what exhibits the greatest impact on flow?
radius of the tube
65
viscosity is the result of ?
friction from intermolecular forces as a fluid passes through a tube
66
A fluids viscosity is inversely proportonate to its \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
temperature
67
Decreased temperature increases _________ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
viscosity and resistance
68
name 4 ways you can increase the speed of RBC delivery using Poiseuilles Law?
increase the radius with a large bore IV increase the pressure gradiant with a pressure bag and/or increase the height on the IV pole decrease viscosity by diluting the blood with 0.9% NaCl and/or running it through a fluid warmer Decrease the length by not using longer tubing than you really need.
69
What is related to the thickness of a fluid?
viscosity
70
the greater the viscosity, the less easily _____ slide past one another and the more _____ it is to get the fluid moving and keep it moving.
molecules difficult
71
\_\_\_\_ is the percentage of RBC in the total blood volume
HCT
72
what lab value affects the blood viscosity and therefore the resistance to flow.
HCT
73
if you double the radius of the tube, you will increase the flow by?
16 times the original flow
74

final exam principles of nurse anesthesia (12 decks)

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