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Lifespan Developmental Psych Quiz > Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthod > Flashcards

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthod Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Functional Age

A
  • Actual competence and performance

- May not match chronological age

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2
Q

Life Expectancy Increasing in North America

A
  • Lower infant mortality

- Lower adult deaths

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3
Q

Life Expectancy Group differences

A
  • Women live longer
  • SES
  • Ethnicity
  • Nationality
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4
Q

Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)

A
  • Basic self-care tasks

- Bathing, dressing, eating

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5
Q

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs)

A
  • Conducting business of everyday life
  • Require cognitive competence
  • Shopping, food prep, housekeeping
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6
Q

Factors in a Long Life

A

-Heredity
-Environment/Lifestyle
Healthy diet, normal weight
Exercise
Low substance use
Optimism
Low stress
Social support
Community involvement
Learning

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7
Q

Aging and the Nervous System

A

-Loss of brain weight accelerates after 60
-Neurons lost in frontal lobes, corpus callosum, cerebellum (balance), glial cells
-Autonomic nervous system less efficient
-Brain can compensate
New fibers, neurons
New connections
Use more parts of brain

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8
Q

Visual Impairments and Aging

A
  • Lower visual acuity
  • Poor dark adaptation, sensitivity to glare
  • Decreased color, depth perception
  • Cataracts
  • Macular degeneration
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9
Q

Vision Problems Effects of Sensory Changes

A
  • Changes in leisure activities

- Possible problems in daily activities

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10
Q

Hearing Loss Effects of Sensory Changes

A
  • Social isolation

- Lower safety and enjoyment

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11
Q

Decreased Taste and Smell Effects of Sensory Changes

A

Nutritional, safety risks

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12
Q

Less Sensitive Touch Effects of Sensory Changes

A

Difficulties with leisure, daily activities

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13
Q

Aging Cardiovascular/Respiratory Systems of the Body

A
  • Heartbeat less forceful; slower heart rate, blood flow
  • Vital lung capacity cut by half
  • Less oxygen to tissues
  • Exercise helps
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14
Q

Aging Immune System of the Body

A
  • Effectiveness declines
  • More infectious, autoimmune diseases
  • Stress-related susceptibility
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15
Q

Sleep and Aging

A
  • Need as much total sleep as younger adults: 7 hours/night
  • Earlier bedtime and wake-up
  • More difficulties including Insomnia, Nighttime waking, Sleep apnea, Restless legs
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16
Q

Physical Appearance and Mobility

A
  • Skin thinner, rougher wrinkled, spotted
  • Ears, nose, teeth, and hair change
  • Lose height and weight after 60
  • Muscle strength declines (10–20% by 60–70, 30–50% by 70–80)
  • Bone strength drops
  • Less flexibility
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17
Q

Adapting to Physical Changes of Aging

A

-Multidimensional (Appearance versus functioning)
-Effective coping strategies (Prevention, compensation
Problem-centered coping)
-Assistive technology

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18
Q

Factors in Good Health and Aging

A
  • Optimism
  • Self-efficacy
  • SES
  • Ethnicity
  • Sex
  • Nutrition
  • Exercise
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19
Q

Nutrition in Late Adulthood

A

-Need extra nutrients: Protect bones, immune system; Fight free radicals
-Problems eating: Appetite, taste changes; Chewing, digestion; Shopping, cooking
-Supplements, diet changes
may help

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20
Q

Exercise in Late Adulthood

A
  • Continued exercise best, but never too late to start
  • Benefits: Physical capacities, Brain function, Self-esteem
  • Barriers: Unaware of benefits, Discomforts
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21
Q

Sexuality in Late Adulthood

A
  • Still important: Less desire and frequency; fewer male partners for women
  • Married couples: regular, enjoyable sex
  • Continue patterns from earlier years
  • Enjoy activities other than intercourse (Men sometimes stop all activities if erection problems)
  • Cultural influences: Disapproval in West
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22
Q

Primary Aging

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Genetically influenced declines
  • Affects all members of species
  • Even happens if health is good
23
Q

Secondary Aging

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A
  • Declines due to heredity and environment
  • Effects individualized: Major contributor to frailty
  • Illnesses and disabilities: Arthritis, Diabetes, Mental disabilities
24
Q

Osteoarthritis

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Deteriorating cartilage in frequently used joints

- Common, related to wear and tear

25
Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Autoimmune response, affects whole body - Inflamed connective tissues: Membranes in joints - Cartilage grows: Can deform joints, Lost mobility
26
Adult-Onset Diabetes
- Too little insulin or cells insensitive to insulin - Increases in late adulthood: Genetics, Inactivity, abdominal fat - Risk of long-term damage: Circulatory system; Eyes, kidneys, nerves - Treatment: Lifestyle changes, Medicine
27
Motor Vehicle Accidents in Late Adulthood
Vision problems, slower reactions
28
Falling Accidents in Late Adulthood
- Vision, balance, strength problems | - Risk of hip fracture
29
Prevention of Accidents in Late Adulthood
- Reduce driving, retrain - Exercise, use walking aids - Redesign of cars, streets, signs, structures
30
Mental Disabilities in Late Adulthood
- Dementia - Parkinson’s disease - Alzheimer’s disease - Cerebrovascular dementia - Misdiagnosis, reversible dementia
31
Dementia (Mental Disabilities in Late Adulthood)
Thought and behavior impairments that disrupt everyday life
32
Cerebrovascular Dementia (Mental Disabilities in Late Adulthood)
Strokes
33
Misdiagnosis, reversible dementia (Mental Disabilities in Late Adulthood)
Depression | Medication side effects
34
Alzheimer’s Disease Symptoms (Mental Disabilities in Late Adulthood)
Forgetting, disorientation, personality change, depression, motor problems, delusions, speech problems, infections
35
Alzheimer’s Disease Brain Changes (Mental Disabilities in Late Adulthood)
Neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid plaques in cerebral cortex
36
Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Factors/Protective Factors (Mental Disabilities in Late Adulthood)
- Genetic predispositions - High-fat diet - Mediterranean diet may help - Education, active lifestyle may help
37
Alzheimer’s Disease Incidence (Mental Disabilities in Late Adulthood)
-Higher with age - nearly 50% over 80
38
Select (Selective Optimization with Compensation)
Choose personally valued activities, avoid others
39
Optimize (Selective Optimization with Compensation)
Devote diminishing resources to valued activities
40
Compensate (Selective Optimization with Compensation)
Find creative ways to overcome limitations
41
Deliberate (Deliberate versus Automatic Memory)
- Recall more difficult | - Context helps retrieval, but slower processing, smaller working memory make context harder to encode
42
Automatic (Deliberate versus Automatic Memory)
- Recognition easier than recalls:More environmental support | - Implicit memory better than deliberate: Without conscious awareness, Depends on familiarity
43
Associative Memory Declines in Late Adulthood
- Difficulty in creating or retrieving links between pieces of information - Using memory cues, enhancing meaningfulness of information, can help
44
Remote (Remote and Prospective Memory)
- Very long-term recall | - Autobiographical memory
45
Prospective (Remote and Prospective Memory)
- Remembering to engage in planned actions - Event-based easier than time-based - Use reminders, repetition to help
46
Language Processing in Late Adulthood
- Comprehension changes very little - Problems retrieving specific words - Problems planning what to say - Compensation
47
Problems retrieving specific words (Language Processing in Late Adulthood)
- Tip-of-the-tongue | - Use more pronouns, pauses in speech
48
Problems planning what to say (Language Processing in Late Adulthood)
- Hesitations, false starts, repetition, sentence fragments | - Statements less organized
49
Compensation (Language Processing in Late Adulthood)
-Simpler grammar, more sentences, gist
50
Problem Solving in Late Adulthood
- Real problems include family relations, IADLs - Extend strategies from middle adulthood: Avoid uncontrollable problems, Use experience to decide quickly when can, Consult others, Collaborate
51
Factors Related to Cognitive Change
- Mentally active life: Education, stimulating leisure, social participation, flexibility - Health - Retirement - Distance to death: Terminal decline - Cognitive interventions: ADEPT, ACTIVE
52
Lifelong Learning
Educational participation increasing - Elderhostel - College courses - Community classes
53
The Many Benefits of Lifelong Learning
- New facts, ideas - New friends - Broader world perspective - Improved self-image

Lifespan Developmental Psych Quiz (3 decks)

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