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CHU11B01 > Physical Chemistry > Flashcards

Physical Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

The system can exchange matter and energy with its surroundings

A

Open System

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2
Q

Only energy can be transferred between the system and surroundings

A

Closed system

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3
Q

Neither matter or energy can be exchanged between a system and its surroundings

A

Isolated system

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4
Q

State Function

A

Only the start and the end matter

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5
Q

Path Function

A

It matters how you get there

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6
Q

These are examples of?

  • Internal Energy (U)
  • Enthalpy (H)
  • Entropy (S)
A

State Functions

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7
Q

These are examples of?

  • Heat (q)
  • Work (w)
A

Path Functions

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8
Q

All parts of system within a thermodynamic equilibrium have the same temperature.

A

0th Law

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9
Q

Which law of Thermodynamics covers conservation of energy?

A

1st Law

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10
Q

Which law says state changes will follow the direction of maximum entropy?

A

2nd Law

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11
Q

Which law says that when approaching 0k, entropy becomes constant, so 0 temperature cannot be reached?

A

3rd Law

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12
Q

Charles’ Law

A

An increase in heat creates an increase in volume

Specifically for gas

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13
Q

A gas that doesn’t interact with anything

A

Ideal Gas

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14
Q
A

The state equation of an ideal gas in a closed system

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15
Q
A

Ideal gas law

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16
Q
A

Ideal gas law

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17
Q
A

Avogadro’s law

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18
Q

A transfer of energy that utilizes or causes uniform motion of atoms in the surroundings

A

Work

A force F moving a distance x does work equal to Fx

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19
Q

A measure of the capacity of a system to do work

A

Energy

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20
Q

The means by which energy is transferred from a hotter body to a cooler one in order to equalize their temperatures

A

Heat

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21
Q

The total of the kinetic energy
due to the motion of molecules and
the potential energy

A

Internal Energy

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22
Q

+q: heat is absorbed by the system

A

Endothermic

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23
Q

-q: heat is given out by the system

A

Exothermic

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24
Q

When a gas is compressed by an external
force the work is?

A

Positive

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25
Q

When a gas expands by
pushing against an external force the work is?

A

Negative

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26
Q

Energy cannot be created or destroyed but is just
transformed from one form to another

A

1st Law

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27
Q

What is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a certain mass 1 degree Celsius?

A

Heat Capacity

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28
Q

Hess’s Law

A

The heat of a whole reaction is equivalent
to the sum of its steps

29
Q

When the internal and external pressures are equal the system is in

A

Equilibrium

30
Q

Which process

  • Are infinitely slow
  • Are at equilibrium
  • Do maximum work
A

Reversible

31
Q

Which process

  • Go at finite rate
  • Are not at equilibrium
  • Do less than the maximum work
A

Irreversible

32
Q

The process is?

A

Spontaneous

(irreversible)

33
Q

The process is?

A

Reversible

34
Q

The process is?

A

Not possible

35
Q
A

Gibbs Function

36
Q

The process is?

A

Spontaneous

(irreversible)

37
Q

The process is?

A

Equilibrium

38
Q

The process is?

A

Not possible

39
Q

This is a graphical representation of?

A

Activation energy

40
Q

Unfolding of regular secondary protein structure causes:

A

Large increase in the entropy of the protein

41
Q

What does first law of thermodynamics state?

A

Energy can neither be destroyed nor created

42
Q

Mass does not enter or leave the system in which type of system?

A

Closed

43
Q

Boiling water represents a ____ in entropy.

A

increase

44
Q

This has a ___ in entropy?

A

Decrease

45
Q

The total entropy of the universe ____ in any
spontaneous process.

A

increases

46
Q

The total entropy of the universe ____ in any
spontaneous process.

A

increases

47
Q

Only those processes are possible in nature which would give an entropy ____ for the system and the surroundings together.

A

increase

48
Q

The disorderly motion of molecules increases and the entropy of the system increases when:

A

Heat is added

49
Q

True or False?

The heat capacity of the substance is defined as the amount
of heat required to raise a unit mass of the substance through a unit rise in temperature.

A

True

50
Q

Is the formula for?

A

Enthalpy

51
Q

In a constant volume process, internal energy change is equal to

A

heat transferred

52
Q

Heat transferred at constant pressure _____ the enthalpy of a system.

A

increases

53
Q

A reaction is reversible because:

A

products are reactive

54
Q

If ∆G° of the reaction A → B is -40kJ/mol under standard conditions then the reaction will be:

A

Spontaneous

55
Q

A large value of Equilibrium Constant Kc means that at equilibrium:

A

less reactants and more products

56
Q

pKa determines the strength of

A

an acid

57
Q

In an exothermic reversible reaction increase in temperature shifts the equilibrium to:

A

reactant side

58
Q

Solubility of Ca(OH)2 is exothermic.
Solubility will increase at a ____ temperature.

A

low

59
Q

The solution having zero pH will be:

A

highly acidic

60
Q
A

Decreasing temperature

61
Q

What order reaction is this?

A

Zeroth

62
Q

What order reaction is this?

A

First

63
Q

What order reaction is this?

A

Second

64
Q

Change in the concentration of any one of the reactants or products per unit time is

A

rate of reaction

65
Q

______ does not affect the rate of a reaction.

A

ΔH

66
Q

The role of a catalyst is to change the ____________

A

Activation Energy

67
Q

ΔH < 0

A

Exothermic

68
Q

ΔH > 0

A

Endothermic

CHU11B01 (3 decks)

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