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PT10114 - Cardiopulmo Renal Rehab > Physical Dx of Respiratory System > Flashcards

Physical Dx of Respiratory System Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

compare symptom and sign

A

symptom - from patient; subjective

signs - from PT; objective measures/tests

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2
Q

what is tidal volume

A

amount of air a person inhales and exhales at rest

500-700 ml

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3
Q

what is inspiratory reserve volume

A

amount of air a person can maximally inspire at end of normal respiration

~2 L

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4
Q

what is expiratory reserve volume

A

amount of air a person can maximally exhale at end of normal exhalation

~1 L

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5
Q

what is vital capacity

A

IRV + TV + ERV

amount of air a person can take in and out of lungs

~3.5 L

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6
Q

what is residual volume

A

air that stays in lungs after ERV

~1.3 L

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7
Q

what is total lung capacity

A

VC + RV

~5 L

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8
Q

discuss eupnea

A

normal, regular and comfortable

12-20 cpm

younger and athletes have lower

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9
Q

tachypnea

A

normal to abnormal

> 20 cpm

can be exercise or disease

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10
Q

bradypnea

A

< 12 cpm, slow

cam be electrolyte imbalance, obesity, hormonal

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11
Q

hyperpnea

A

hyperventilation c deep breathing

form of tachypnea but deeper

> 20 cpm

can be neuro, psych, metabolic, diseases

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12
Q

sighing

A

deeper breath in bet normal breaths

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13
Q

air tapping

A

inc diff in exhalation

asthma and COPD

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14
Q

cheynes-stokes

A

inc depth c apnea in bet

medical emergency

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15
Q

kussmaul

A

rapid, tachypnic, deep, labored

d/t DKA

to blow many CO2

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16
Q

biot

A

irreg breathing but equal depth then apnea in bet

damage to medulla

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17
Q

ataxic

A

disorganization c irreg and varying depths

poorest prognosis

basta magulo

damage to medulla oblungata

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18
Q

causes rate and depth to inc

A

acidosis

CNS lesions - pons

anxiety

ASA

hypoxemia

pain

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19
Q

causes rate and depth to dec

A

alkalosis

CNS lesion - cerebrum

MG

obesity

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20
Q

dyspnea

A

SOB

usually pulmonary or cardiac compromise

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21
Q

questions to ask about dyspnea

A

present when resting

how much walking, level, stairs, speed

do you need to stop walking or climbing

what other activities does it happen

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22
Q

what are the forms of dyspnea

A

orthopnea

PND

platypnea

trepopnea

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23
Q

orthopnea

A

SOB when supine; feeling drowned

d/t weaker heart than PND

measured by pillows - 3 pillow orthopnea

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24
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

sudden SOB after a period of recumbency

wakes up 3-5 hrs p then SOB

has strogner heart kaya delayed

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25
platypnea
SOB that inc when upright ASD: causes R-L shunt kaya deoxygenated mag ffllow = SOB worsening VQ mismatch
26
trepopnea
SOB on sidelying uni lung prob and happens when lying on normal lung just lie on damaged lung
27
10 Ps of rapid onset dyspnea
pneumonia pneumothorax pulmo constriction/asthma peanut pulmonary embolus pericardial tamponade pump failure peak seekers psychogenic poisons
28
discuss cough
sx of respi prob that can be local/general usually reflexive but can be voluntary
29
sequence of events in coughing
1. deep inspiration and closure of glottis 2. contraction of chest, abdominals and pelvic muscles 3. air and secretion exhaled
30
what is sputum
assoc c cough can be varying amounts and consistency sputum can help identify diseases
31
sputum in bacterial infection
yellow, green, rust, clear, purulent, blood streaked mucoid or viscid
32
sputum in viral infection
mucoid or viscoid usually no color but can be blood streaked
33
sputum in chronic infectious diseases
yellow or any color abundant in morning can have streaking or many blood
34
sputum in carcinoma
slight blood streaking
35
sputum in infarction
blood clotted
36
sputum in tuberculous cavity
large amounts of blood
37
sweet, fruity breath
DKA or starvation ketosis
38
fish, stale
uremia renal failure - too much urea, nitrogen and creatinine
39
ammonia like
uremia din - usually pag matagal di nag dialysis
40
musty fish, clover
hepatic failure, liver problem
41
foul, feculent
intestinal obstruction, diverticulum
42
foul, putrid
nasal/sinus pathology foreign body na nabulok cancer respi infections
43
halitosis
ulcer sa kung san man tonsils, gums, or esophagus ganun GERD, bacteria sa stomach
44
cinnamon
PTB
45
significance of tripod pos
tripod = exchange of O2 and CO2 in pulmonary bed sign of respiratory distress
46
what are some general impressions that indicates respi distress
tripod pos cyanotic/pale low mental status diff speaking or slow
47
discuss thoracic contour
no symm - wider than deep transverse > AP and inc c age
48
barrel chest is a sign of ___
air trapping chronic asthma emphysema cystic fibrosis
49
discuss pectus excavatum
sunken chest asymptomatic unless too deep and compresses lung and heart
50
discuss pectus carinatum
pigeon chest does not impact negatively unless assoc c metabolic probs or bony probs
51
effect of kyphosis
compresses and limits airways
52
effect of scoliosis
compressive also but progressive can be detected early to prevent sx
53
usual causes of unequal chest expansion
collapsed lung fibrosis, contractures, jt mob prob extrapleural air fluid mass/tumor
54
what are retractions
suggest obstruction in respi tract in effort to higop more air = suctioning effect MD emergency
55
signs of upper airway obstruction
inspiratory stridor - expi for sever hoarse cough or barking alar flaring retraction of suprasternal notch cyanosis
56
signs of supraglottic obstruction
quiter stridor muffling voice - hot potato mouth dysphagia no cough awkward pos of head/neck - finding air
57
signs of infraglottic obstruction
louder stridor hoarse voice swallowing normal barking cough, harsh no factor in head pos
58
peripheral signs of airway prob
cyanosis pursing lips clubbing alar flaring
59
discuss vesicular breath sounds
normal, low pitch most common and over most part of lungs 3:1 - soft and short expi
60
discuss bronchovesicular breath sounds
N - on main bronchus and upper 3rd of chest mid range equal expi and inspi - 1:1
61
discuss bronchial/tracheal (tubular) breath sounds
N - over trachea high pitch and hollow longer expirations
62
discuss fine crackles breath sounds
high-pitched crackling at end of inspi not cleared by cough adventitous
63
discuss coarse crackles breath sounds
loud, bubbly noise on inspi not cleared by cough adventitous
64
discuss medium crackles breath sounds
lower, moist sound at mid inspi not cleared by cough adventitous
65
discuss wheezes as breath sounds
sibilant, high pitch - inspi but louder on expi narrower tube do not start PT if meron
66
discuss pleural friciton rub
rub hair sound - parenchymal infection loud on lower lat ant surface inspi or expi painful = shallow breathing
67
what do you usually palpate
thoracic expansion palpation crepitus pleural friction rub tactile fremitus percussion
68
discuss thoracic expansion
check for chest expansion c hands on ribs
69
discuss crepitus
crackly, bubble wrap like when pressing on chest air in subcuataneous tissue from trauma
70
discuss pleural friction rub in palp
(+) pleural inflammation on inspi - grating vibration
71
discuss tactile fremitus
and 2nd ICS - bifurcation 99, tres tres, mickey mouse
72
causes inc tactile fremitus
fluid in lungs tumors lung compressions/consolidations bronchial secretions
73
causes dec tactile fremitus
excess air in lungs emphysema pleural thickening/effusion massive pulmonary edema bronchial obstruction
74
discuss percussion over chest
dull - more solid resonant - airy more vibrations on solid over air
75

PT10114 - Cardiopulmo Renal Rehab (21 decks)

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