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NPTE Cardio and Lymph > Physical Exam: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Physical Exam: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Grading scale for peripheral pulses

A 
0 absent, not palpable
1+ pulse diminished, barely perceptible
2+ easily palpable, normal
3+ full pulse, icn strength
4+ bounding pulse
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2
Q

Apical pulse or point of maximal impulse

A

pt is supine
palpate at 5th interspace, midclavicular vertical line
(apex of heart)

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3
Q

Other pulses

A 
Radial
Carotid
Brachial
Femoral
Popliteal
Pedal
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4
Q

Normal HR - adult and teen

A

60-100

40-60 if aerobically trained

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5
Q

Normal HR - child

A

60-140

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6
Q

Normal HR - newborn

A

avg is 127

90-164 is range

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7
Q

Tachycardia =

Bradycardia =

A

over 100

less than 60

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8
Q

Postural techycardia syndrome

A

sustained heart rate increase greater than or equal to 30 bpm within 10 minutes of standing

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9
Q

Irregular pulse

A

variations in force and frequency

may be due to arrhythmias, myocarditis

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10
Q

Weak, thready pulse - may be due to

A

may be due to low SV, cardiogenic shock

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11
Q

Bounding, full pulse - may be due to

A

shortened ventricular systole and decreased peripheral pressure or aortic insufficiency

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12
Q

Auscultation is what

A

Process of listening for sounds within the body

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13
Q

Auscultation landmarks - aortic valve

A

2nd R intercostal space at sternal border

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14
Q

Auscultation landmarks - pulmonic valve

A

2nd L intercostal space at sternal border

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15
Q

Auscultation landmarks - Tricuspid valve

A

4th L itnercostal space at sternal border

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16
Q

Auscultation landmarks - Mitral valve

A

5th L itnercostal space at midclavicle area

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17
Q

S1

A

lub

normal closure of mitral and tricuspid (AV valves)

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18
Q

S2

A

dub
normal closure of aortic and pulmonary valves (semilunar valves)
marks end of systole

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19
Q

S1 decreased in

A

first degree heart block

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20
Q

S2 decreased in

A

aortic stenosis

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21
Q

Systolic murmur

A

Falls between S1 and S2

Might indicate valvular disease or can be normal

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22
Q

Diastolic murmur

A

falls between S2 and S1

Usually indicates valvular disease

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23
Q

Grades of heart murmurs

A

Grade 1 (softest audible murmur) to Grade 6 (audible with stethoscope off chest)

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24
Q

Thrill murmur

A

an abnormal tremor accompanying a vascular or cardiac murmur
felt on palpation

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25
Bruit is what
an adventitious sound or murmur (blowing sound) of arterial or venous origin common in carotid and femoral arteries indicative of atherosclerosis
26
Gallop rhythm is what
an abnormal heart rhythm with three sounds in each cycle, resembles a gallop of a horse
27
Gallop rhythm - S3 is what
associated with ventricular filling occurs soon after S2 in older people can be indicative of LV congestive heart failure
28
Gallop rhythm - S4 is what
associated with ventricular filling and atrial kick/contraction occurs just before S1 indicative of pathology like CAD MI aortic stenosis or chronic hypertension
29
ECG - P wave
atrial depolarization
30
ECG - PR interval
Time required for impulse to travel from atria to through conduction system to purkinje fibers
31
ECG - QRS wave
ventricular depolarization
32
ECG - ST segment
beginning of ventricular repolarization
33
ECG - T wave
ventricular repolarization
34
ECG - QT interval
time for electrical systole
35
ECG - PVC
premature beat arising from ventricle | No P wave, wide QRS that is premature
36
ECG - ventricular tachycardia
run of 3 or more PVCs | 150-200 bpm
37
ECG - ventricular fibrillation
pulseless emergency sitation no QRS clinical death within 4 to 6 minutes
38
ECG - atrial arrhythmias
P waves are abnormal | rate rapid - atrial tachycardia (140-250), atrial flutter (250-350), atrial fibrillation (more than 300)
39
ECG - changes with acute MI
ST elevation
40
Hyperkalemia does what to ECG
widens QRS flattens P T is peaked
41
Hypokalemia does what to ECG
``` flattens T (or inverts) produces U wave ```
42
Hypercalcemia does what to ECG
widens QRS | short QT
43
Hypocalcemia does what to ECG
prolong QT
44
Hypothermia does what to ECG
elevate ST | slows rhythm
45
Digitalis does what to ECG
depress ST flattens T wave (or inverts) QT shortens
46
Quinidine does what to ECG
QT lengthens T flattens (or inverts) QRS lengthens
47
Beta blockers do what to ECG
dec HR | blunt HR response to exercise
48
Nitrates do what to ECG
Inc HR
49
Antiarrythmic agents do what to ECG
might prolong QT interval
50
Holter monitoring is what
Continuous ambulatory ECG monitoring via tape recording of cardiac rhythm for up to 24 hours
51
BP - normal
less than 120/80
52
Orthostatic Hypotension
systolic BO drops more than 20 mmHg OR diastolic drops more than 10 mmHg
53
Pediatric BP - infants less than 2 yrs
106 - 110 for systolic | 59-63 for diastolic
54
Pediatric BP - children 3 to 5 yrs
113-116 systolic | 67-74 diastolic
55
Mean arterial pressure is what
the arterial pressure within the large arteries over time | dependent on mean blood flow and arterial compliance
56
MAP - calculated how
sum of SBP and twice the DBP divided by 3
57
MAP - normal
70-110 mmHg
58
Normal adult RR
12-20
59
Normal newborn RR
30-40
60
Normal child RR
20-30
61
Tachypnea
greater than or equal to 22
62
Bradypnea
less than or equal to 10
63
Hyperpnea is what
increase in depth and rate of breathing
64
Dyspnea is what
shortness of breath
65
Orthopnea
inability to breathe when in a reclining or supine position
66
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
sudden inability to breathe occuring during sleep
67
Modified borg dyspnea scale
0 to 10 0 nothing at all 10 maximal
68
Adventitious sounds - crackles (rales) =
rattling, bubbling sounds | might be due to secretions in the lungs
69
Adventitious sounds - wheezes (ronchi)
whistling sounds
70
Hypoxemia
abnormally low amount of oxygen in blood (saturation below 90% meaning PaO2 of 60 mmHg)
71
Hypoxia
low oxygen level in tissues
72
Anoxia
complete lack of oxygen
73
Angina scale
``` 1+ = light, barely noticeable 4+ = most severe pain ever experienced ```
74
Cardiac pain can refer to
shoulders, back, arms, neck, or jaw
75
Pain referred to back can occur from
dissecting aortic aneurysm

NPTE Cardio and Lymph (9 decks)

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