Physical Exmaination of Urine

Question 1

Uroerythrin gives a pink pigment due to?

Answer 1

precipitation of amorphous urates

Question 2

gives an orange brown pigment

Answer 2

Urobilin

Question 3

oxidation product of urobilinogen

Answer 3

Urobilin

Question 4

Give 3 other colors which are indicative of yellow foam due to bilirubin

Answer 4

Dark yellow/amber/orange

Question 5

Describe the urine for hepatitis virus

Answer 5

Dark yellow/amber/orange with yellow foam

Question 6

Color of foam if proteins are present

Answer 6

White foam

Question 7

Dark yellow/amber/orange with no foam is due to?

Answer 7

photo-oxidation of large amounts of excreted urobilinogen to urobilin

Question 8

photo-oxidation of bilirubin due to biliverdin

Answer 8

Yellow/green

Question 9

Yellow-orange urine is due to?

Answer 9

administration of phenazopyridine or azo-Gantrisin compounds; UTI

Question 10

Color of urine when blood is present

Answer 10

red/pink/brown

Question 11

Give 2 non-pathogenic causes which can have a red/pink/brown urine

Answer 11

menstrual contamination & highly pigmented foods

Question 12

Give 2 medicines for red/pink/brown urine

Answer 12

Rifampin & phenolphthalein

Question 13

Color may range from link to brown depending on?

Answer 13

amount of blood
pH of urine
length of contact

Question 14

low pH indicates what color urine?

Answer 14

brown urine

Question 15

urine is brown due to?

Answer 15

oxidation of hemoglobin and methemoglobin

Question 16

What color of urine indicate glomerular bleeding due to conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin?

Answer 16

brown urine

Question 17

Color of urine when hemoglobin or myoglobin is present

Answer 17

Red & clear

Question 18

What specimen is used to distinguish hemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria?

Answer 18

Plasma

Question 19

Color of urine when RBCs are present

Answer 19

red & cloudy

Question 20

Port wine color is due to?

Answer 20

porphyrin

Question 21

Color of urine due to oxidation of porphobilinogen to porphyrins

Answer 21

Port wine

Question 22

Brown/black urine may contain?

Answer 22

melanin or homogentisic acid

Question 23

Melanin is due to oxidation of? Indicates what disease?

Answer 23

oxidation of melanogen;

malignant melanoma

Question 24

metabolite of phenylalanine

Answer 24

homogentisic acid

Question 25

Homogentisic acid imparts a black color to alkaline urine in person with?

Answer 25

alkaptonuria

Question 26

UTI caused by Pseudomonas spp. can cause what color of urine?

Answer 26

blue/green

Question 27

Give 2 medicines for blue/green urine

Answer 27

Methocarbamol | Methylene blue

Question 28

Measured through visual examination while holding the clear container with urine in front of a light source

Answer 28

Clarity

Question 29

Give 5 description of urine clarity

Answer 29

``` straw hazy cloudy turbid milky ```

Question 30

In normal clarity, amorphous phosphates & carbonates precipitation cause?

Answer 30

white cloudiness

Question 31

amorphous phosphates & carbonates: urates:

Answer 31

amorphous phosphates & carbonates: white ppt & alkaline pH urates: pink brink/uroerythrin & acidic pH

Question 32

Give 5 causes of non-pathologic turbidity

Answer 32

``` semen vaginal creams talcum powder radiographic contrast media fecal contamination ```

Question 33

most common pathologic causes of turbidity

Answer 33

RBC WBC bacteria systemic organ disorder

Question 34

density of a solution compared with the density of a similar volume of distilled water at a similar temperature

Answer 34

Specific gravity

Question 35

used to evaluate urine concentration

Answer 35

specific gravity

Question 36

SG normal random specimens

Answer 36

1. 002-1.035 | 1. 015-10.30

Question 37

only method of urinalysis that requires correcting

Answer 37

refractometry

Question 38

determines the concentration of dissolved particles in a specimen by measuring refractive index

Answer 38

Refractometry

Question 39

comparison of the velocity of light in air with the velocity of light in a solution

Answer 39

Refractive index

Question 40

uses a prism to direct a specific wavelength of daylight against a manufacturer-calibrated SG scale

Answer 40

Clinical refractometers

Question 41

True or False Temperature corrections are necessary

Answer 41

False

Question 42

Temperature is compensated at what degrees?

Answer 42

15C & 38C

Question 43

Corrections for __(1)__ & __(2)__ must be calculated by subtracting __(3)__ & __(4)__ to each gram respectively.

Answer 43

1. Glucose 2. Proteins 3. 0.004 4. 0.003

Question 44

abnormal high result range

Answer 44

x > 1.040; intravenous pyelogram

Question 45

affected inly by the number of particles present

Answer 45

Osmolality

Question 46

Substances of interest for osmolality

Answer 46

Na & Cl

Question 47

____ contribute more to SG than Na & Cl

Answer 47

urea

Question 48

Unit of measurement for osmole

Answer 48

milliosmole (mOsm)

Question 49

(1g) / (# particles)

Answer 49

osmole

Question 50

measured to determine osmolality

Answer 50

Colligative property

Question 51

uses freezing point depression to measure osmolality

Answer 51

A2O Advanced Automated Osmometer

Question 52

based on change in pKa of a polyelectrolyte in an alkaline medium

Answer 52

Reagent strip SG

Question 53

stain that measures change in pH

Answer 53

Bromthymol blue

Question 54

low SG: | high SG:

Answer 54

low SG: alkaline (blue) ———-green——— high SG: acid (yellow)

Question 55

normal odor of freshly voided urine

Answer 55

Aromatic

Question 56

urea breakdown odor

Answer 56

Aromatic

Question 57

odor for bacterial infections

Answer 57

foul, ammonia-like

Question 58

UTI odor

Answer 58

foul, ammonia-like

Question 59

odor for diabetic ketones, starvation, and vomitting

Answer 59

sweet/fruity

Question 60

maple syrup urine disease odor

Answer 60

Maple syrup odor

Question 61

odor for ingestion of certain foods such as onions & garlic

Answer 61

Unusual/pungent