Physical landscapes

Question 1

Abrasion

Answer 1

Erosion- loose material scrapes against walls and floors of cliff/ river

Question 2

Attrition

Answer 2

Rocks bang against each other. Make smaller / smoother rocks

Question 3

Back shore

Answer 3

Upper beach closest to land

Question 4

Beach nourishment

Answer 4

Addiction of sand and sediment to eroding beach by humans. New material eroded by see which saves cliffs or sand dunes from erosion.

Question 5

Chemical weathering

Answer 5

Weak acid in rainwater dissolves chemical compounds in rock

Question 6

Drainage basin

Answer 6

Area of land drained by a river and its tributaries

Question 7

Dredging

Answer 7

Rubbish and sediment dug up from the bottom of the river

Question 8

Embankments

Answer 8

Banks of the river built up in brick and concrete to increase channel capacity- reduces flooding

Question 9

Estuary

Answer 9

Point where river meets an ocean.

Question 10

Fetch

Answer 10

Length of water over which the wind has travelled

Question 11

Floodplain

Answer 11

Wide floor of a river valley. Found in lower course. Act as overspill for river when full

Question 12

Floodplain zoning

Answer 12

Controlling where houses are build to reduce their risk of flooding

Question 13

Freeze thaw weathering

Answer 13

Water freezes in cracks of rock, expands and enlarges crack. Weaken rock-eaves it open to erosion

Question 14

Geology

Answer 14

Physical arrangement of a rock

Question 15

Groyne

Answer 15

Hard-engineering. Concrete or wooden walls perpendicular to seafront. Encourage trapping of sediment. Reduces erosion

Question 16

Hard management

Answer 16

Use of concrete structures to reduce recession of a coastline

Question 17

Highlands

Answer 17

Area of land at high elevation.

Question 18

Hydraulic action

Answer 18

Pressure of compressed air forced into cracks in rock face. Rock weakens and breaks apart

Question 19

Impermeable

Answer 19

Rock doesn’t allow water to pass through

Question 20

Levee

Answer 20

Banks of a river

Question 21

Longshore drift

Answer 21

Transportation of sediment along beach. Determined by direction of prevailing wind

Question 22

Lowlands

Answer 22

Flat land at low elevation

Question 23

Mass movement

Answer 23

Large downhill movement of material from cliff face. Caused by gravity

Question 24

Mechanical weathering

Answer 24

Breakdown of rocks due to forces, not chemical reactions

Question 25

Permeable

Answer 25

Rock that allows water to pass through

Question 26

Relief

Answer 26

Difference in height of land for particular region.

Question 27

Rock armour

Answer 27

Concrete blocks used as barricades to reduce erosion at base of cliffs

Question 28

Saltation

Answer 28

Form of transportation- smaller sediment bounces along sea bed pushed by currents

Question 29

Salt marsh

Answer 29

Vegetation established behind spits after minerals build up

Question 30

Sand dune

Answer 30

Depositional landform- sand and sediment build up around driftwood and accumulate over time

Question 31

Sea wall

Answer 31

Hard-engineering. Concrete wall parallel to see front. Redirects energy of waves

Question 32

Soft engineering

Answer 32

Use of natural materials to reduce coastal recession.

Question 33

Solution

Answer 33

Chemicals from rock face transported in water

Question 34

Storm hydrograph

Answer 34

Graph showing variation of river discharge

Question 35

Suspension

Answer 35

Small rocks that are light enough to float carried in water

Question 36

Spit

Answer 36

Long depositional landform

Question 37

Thalweg

Answer 37

The path of fastest water flow in a river

Question 38

Traction

Answer 38

Large rocks and boulders rolled along bed of river or sea