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physical universe > physical universe unit 3 > Flashcards

physical universe unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

order of the planets

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

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2
Q

looks like our moon

A

Mercury

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3
Q

the messenger of the Roman gods

A

Mercury

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4
Q

fastest moving planet

A

mercury

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5
Q

smallest planet

A

mercury

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6
Q

800 days 300 nights

A

mercury

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7
Q

2 years=3 spins

A

mercury

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8
Q

the only planet in retrograde motion

A

venus

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9
Q

spins backward

A

venus

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10
Q

spins super slow which results in temperature changes

A

venus

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11
Q

orange looks like fire

A

venus

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12
Q

god of war

A

mars

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13
Q

covered by iron oxide dust

A

mars

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14
Q

has ice caps and seasons

A

mars

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15
Q

king of gods

A

Jupiter

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16
Q

60 moons

A

Jupiter

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17
Q

less dense than water

A

Saturn

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18
Q

god of agriculture

A

Saturn

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19
Q

Giovanni and cassini

A

Identified divisions between Saturn’s rings

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20
Q

60 moons

A

saturn

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21
Q

chemical composition is primarily hydrogen and helium

A

saturn

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22
Q

similar in size. smaller than other gas giants, but larger than terrestrial planets

A

Uranus/Neptune

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23
Q

god of the sky

A

uranus

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24
Q

god of the sea

A

Neptune

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25
Q

primarily hydrogen and helium gas

A

Uranus/Neptune

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26
Q

methane gives them their blue color

A

Uranus/Neptune

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27
Q

great dark spot

A

Neptune

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28
Q

rotates on its side heavy bombardment

A

Uranus

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29
Q

slowest orbit

A

Neptune

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30
Q

acid rain

A

venus

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31
Q

most volcanic object in the solar system

A

IO

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32
Q

white and yellow (sulfur)

A

IO

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33
Q

biggest planet

A

Jupiter

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34
Q

smallest planet

A

mercury

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35
Q

hottest

A

venus

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36
Q

fastest orbiting

A

mercury

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37
Q

slowest orbiting

A

Neptune

38
Q

goddess of beauty

A

venus

39
Q

winged god

A

mercury

40
Q

god of sky

A

Uranus

41
Q

Galilean moons

A

Jupiter

42
Q

largest of all moons

A

Ganymede (Galilean)

43
Q

most likely saltwater ocean under its surface

A

Ganymede

44
Q

most cratered in the solar system

A

Callisto (Galilean)

45
Q

one of the most reflective objects in the solar system

A

Europa (Galilean)

46
Q

one of Saturn’s moons. hazy mustard yellow color

A

Titan

47
Q

the only planet with liquid on its surface methane rain

A

Titan

48
Q

the most reflective

A

Enceladus

49
Q

creates the E ring

A

Enceladus

50
Q

yellow booger ball

A

IO

51
Q

Large dark spot, gray and white

A

Ganymede

52
Q

looks like a fire ball

A

Callisto

53
Q

white with orange lines

A

Europa

54
Q

green and hazy yellow

A

Titan

55
Q

blue tiger stripes, cryovolcanoes

A

Enceladus

56
Q

characteristics of Gas Giants

A

-Longer orbital periods
-Much greater mass
-spin faster
-not cratered
-further apart from each other
-outside asteroid belt
-moves through space slower
-very strong magnetic fields

57
Q

what are common characteristics of Terrestrial planets

A

-shorter orbital periods
-rocky/metallic
-can stand on
-dont have rings
-few to no moons
-closer to each other
-inside asteroid belt
-move through space much quicker

58
Q

Earth’s magnetic field protects us from

A

solar flares

59
Q

why is pluto no longer considered a planet

A

it doesnt clear out the neighborhood of smaller objects

60
Q

pluto is a

A

plutoid, dwarf planet and KBO

61
Q

what are some other dwarf planets?

A

-Ceres
-Pluto
-Eris
-Makemake
-Haumea

62
Q

characteristics of a dwarf planet

A
  1. Be orbiting the sun (and not something else)
  2. be massive enough for its own gravity to pull it into a round shape
  3. Dwarf planets DO NOT clear out their neighborhood
63
Q

plutoid

A
  1. orbit outside of neptune
  2. are mainly spherical
  3. do NOT clear out neighborhood
64
Q

KBO

A

Kuiper Belt Object, an object that orbits in the KB. ex- Pluto

65
Q

meteoroid

A

rocky/metallic body IN SPACE

66
Q

meteor

A

(shooting star) rock that enters our atm so quickly it starts to glow

67
Q

meteorite

A

rock has burned up significantly and lands ON EARTH

68
Q

comet

A

The inside of the comet is a rock, metal and icy (called nucleus) the burst of light around the nucleus is the coma
-2 tails - dust/ion
-VERY elliptical orbit
-Burn up when they’re in the terrestrial planets
-really slow when they’re far away (fast when they’re near)
-Tails always point away from the sun (solar wind)
-The dust left behind by comets collect in tails that earth passes though and we see meteor showers
-Come from way past asteroid belt

69
Q

asteroid

A

a rocky, metallic and/or icy body revolving the SUN in SPACE (first and LARGEST asteroid ever found- Ceres)

70
Q

Why would a nebula collapse to form a star or solar system

A

gas and dust gravitationally pull eachother inwards so much it eventually collapses into itself

71
Q

Why are the gas giants mostly made of hydrogen, followed by helium, yet the terrestrial planets are mostly rock and metals

A

different material condenses at different temperarures. (gas doesnt turn solid unless its really cold, thats why the jovian planets are farthest from the sun)

72
Q

Why are the gas giants spinning so much faster than the terrestrial planets

A

because there mass is so much greater

73
Q

How did Earth end up with such a massive moon

A

also heavy bombardment (Giant Impact) something really big hit earth while it was forming and a whole bunch of crust was thrown into space that eventually became our moon

74
Q

Angular Momentum is the product of what two physical properties

A

rotational inertia and rotational speed

75
Q

rotational inertia

A

the tendency of an object to keep spinning how it was already spinning

76
Q

solar eclipse

A

moon is between earth and sun. part of earth is in the NEW moons shadow

77
Q

lunar eclipse

A

earth is between moon and sun. FULL moon is in earths shadow.

78
Q

which planets moons are named after Shakespearean plays

A

Uranus

79
Q

can’t be seen with the naked eye

A

Neptune

80
Q

solar eclipse

A

moon is betweeen earth and sun. part of earth is in the NEW moons shadow

81
Q

lunar eclipse

A

earth is between moon and sun. FULL moon is in earths shadow.

82
Q

tidal forces

A

the gravitational force exerted by one body on another is not constant across it; the nearest side is attracted more strongly than the farthest side.

83
Q

Why would a nebula collapse to form a star or solar system

A

gas and dust gravitationally pull eachother inwards so much it eventually collapses into itself

84
Q

Why does the nebula spin faster as it collapses

A

because the center of mass is more concentrated and therefore spins faster (angular momentum)

85
Q

Why does the nebula flatten as it collapses

A

because of the dusts Inertial tendency to leave, it wants to go straight out

86
Q

Angular Momentum is the product of what two physical properties

A

rotational inertia and rotational speed

87
Q

define rotational inertia

A

the tendency of an object to keep spinning how it was already spinning

88
Q

angular momentum is conserved

A

angular momentum is the (constant) product of rotational inertia and rotational speed, so when one increases the other one decreases, visa versa.

89
Q

Keplers laws of planetary motion

A

1) Planets orbit the sun in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focal point. They’re very close to being circles, they can be oriented differently.
2) Planets further away from the sun move at a slower speed than planets closer to the sun
3) Inner planets travel faster than outer planets

90
Q

difference between a theory (such as the nebular theory of solar system formation) and a law

A

theory- EXPLAINS a set of observations that are all interconnected
law- describes a relationship in nature and is accepted to be true bc it is consistently observed

91
Q

If a theory fails a test, does this disprove the theory

A

Yes, at least in part. Scientific theories are often large in scope so sometimes a part of a theory can fail a test while other parts may remain unchallenged.

physical universe (5 decks)

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