physical universe unit 3 Flashcards
1
Q
order of the planets
A
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
2
Q
looks like our moon
A
Mercury
3
Q
the messenger of the Roman gods
A
Mercury
4
Q
fastest moving planet
A
mercury
5
Q
smallest planet
A
mercury
6
Q
800 days 300 nights
A
mercury
7
Q
2 years=3 spins
A
mercury
8
Q
the only planet in retrograde motion
A
venus
9
Q
spins backward
A
venus
10
Q
spins super slow which results in temperature changes
A
venus
11
Q
orange looks like fire
A
venus
12
Q
god of war
A
mars
13
Q
covered by iron oxide dust
A
mars
14
Q
has ice caps and seasons
A
mars
15
Q
king of gods
A
Jupiter
16
Q
60 moons
A
Jupiter
17
Q
less dense than water
A
Saturn
18
Q
god of agriculture
A
Saturn
19
Q
Giovanni and cassini
A
Identified divisions between Saturn’s rings
20
Q
60 moons
A
saturn
21
Q
chemical composition is primarily hydrogen and helium
A
saturn
22
Q
similar in size. smaller than other gas giants, but larger than terrestrial planets
A
Uranus/Neptune
23
Q
god of the sky
A
uranus
24
Q
god of the sea
A
Neptune
25
primarily hydrogen and helium gas
Uranus/Neptune
26
methane gives them their blue color
Uranus/Neptune
27
great dark spot
Neptune
28
rotates on its side heavy bombardment
Uranus
29
slowest orbit
Neptune
30
acid rain
venus
31
most volcanic object in the solar system
IO
32
white and yellow (sulfur)
IO
33
biggest planet
Jupiter
34
smallest planet
mercury
35
hottest
venus
36
fastest orbiting
mercury
37
slowest orbiting
Neptune
38
goddess of beauty
venus
39
winged god
mercury
40
god of sky
Uranus
41
Galilean moons
Jupiter
42
largest of all moons
Ganymede (Galilean)
43
most likely saltwater ocean under its surface
Ganymede
44
most cratered in the solar system
Callisto (Galilean)
45
one of the most reflective objects in the solar system
Europa (Galilean)
46
one of Saturn's moons. hazy mustard yellow color
Titan
47
the only planet with liquid on its surface methane rain
Titan
48
the most reflective
Enceladus
49
creates the E ring
Enceladus
50
yellow booger ball
IO
51
Large dark spot, gray and white
Ganymede
52
looks like a fire ball
Callisto
53
white with orange lines
Europa
54
green and hazy yellow
Titan
55
blue tiger stripes, cryovolcanoes
Enceladus
56
characteristics of Gas Giants
-Longer orbital periods
-Much greater mass
-spin faster
-not cratered
-further apart from each other
-outside asteroid belt
-moves through space slower
-very strong magnetic fields
57
what are common characteristics of Terrestrial planets
-shorter orbital periods
-rocky/metallic
-can stand on
-dont have rings
-few to no moons
-closer to each other
-inside asteroid belt
-move through space much quicker
58
Earth's magnetic field protects us from
solar flares
59
why is pluto no longer considered a planet
it doesnt clear out the neighborhood of smaller objects
60
pluto is a
plutoid, dwarf planet and KBO
61
what are some other dwarf planets?
-Ceres
-Pluto
-Eris
-Makemake
-Haumea
62
characteristics of a dwarf planet
1. Be orbiting the sun (and not something else)
2. be massive enough for its own gravity to pull it into a round shape
3. Dwarf planets DO NOT clear out their neighborhood
63
plutoid
1. orbit outside of neptune
2. are mainly spherical
3. do NOT clear out neighborhood
64
KBO
Kuiper Belt Object, an object that orbits in the KB. ex- Pluto
65
meteoroid
rocky/metallic body IN SPACE
66
meteor
(shooting star) rock that enters our atm so quickly it starts to glow
67
meteorite
rock has burned up significantly and lands ON EARTH
68
comet
The inside of the comet is a rock, metal and icy (called nucleus) the burst of light around the nucleus is the coma
-2 tails - dust/ion
-VERY elliptical orbit
-Burn up when they're in the terrestrial planets
-really slow when they're far away (fast when they're near)
-Tails always point away from the sun (solar wind)
-The dust left behind by comets collect in tails that earth passes though and we see meteor showers
-Come from way past asteroid belt
69
asteroid
a rocky, metallic and/or icy body revolving the SUN in SPACE (first and LARGEST asteroid ever found- Ceres)
70
Why would a nebula collapse to form a star or solar system
gas and dust gravitationally pull eachother inwards so much it eventually collapses into itself
71
Why are the gas giants mostly made of hydrogen, followed by helium, yet the terrestrial planets are mostly rock and metals
different material condenses at different temperarures. (gas doesnt turn solid unless its really cold, thats why the jovian planets are farthest from the sun)
72
Why are the gas giants spinning so much faster than the terrestrial planets
because there mass is so much greater
73
How did Earth end up with such a massive moon
also heavy bombardment (Giant Impact) something really big hit earth while it was forming and a whole bunch of crust was thrown into space that eventually became our moon
74
Angular Momentum is the product of what two physical properties
rotational inertia and rotational speed
75
rotational inertia
the tendency of an object to keep spinning how it was already spinning
76
solar eclipse
moon is between earth and sun. part of earth is in the NEW moons shadow
77
lunar eclipse
earth is between moon and sun. FULL moon is in earths shadow.
78
which planets moons are named after Shakespearean plays
Uranus
79
can't be seen with the naked eye
Neptune
80
solar eclipse
moon is betweeen earth and sun. part of earth is in the NEW moons shadow
81
lunar eclipse
earth is between moon and sun. FULL moon is in earths shadow.
82
tidal forces
the gravitational force exerted by one body on another is not constant across it; the nearest side is attracted more strongly than the farthest side.
83
Why would a nebula collapse to form a star or solar system
gas and dust gravitationally pull eachother inwards so much it eventually collapses into itself
84
Why does the nebula spin faster as it collapses
because the center of mass is more concentrated and therefore spins faster (angular momentum)
85
Why does the nebula flatten as it collapses
because of the dusts Inertial tendency to leave, it wants to go straight out
86
Angular Momentum is the product of what two physical properties
rotational inertia and rotational speed
87
define rotational inertia
the tendency of an object to keep spinning how it was already spinning
88
angular momentum is conserved
angular momentum is the (constant) product of rotational inertia and rotational speed, so when one increases the other one decreases, visa versa.
89
Keplers laws of planetary motion
1) Planets orbit the sun in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focal point. They're very close to being circles, they can be oriented differently.
2) Planets further away from the sun move at a slower speed than planets closer to the sun
3) Inner planets travel faster than outer planets
90
difference between a theory (such as the nebular theory of solar system formation) and a law
theory- EXPLAINS a set of observations that are all interconnected
law- describes a relationship in nature and is accepted to be true bc it is consistently observed
91
If a theory fails a test, does this disprove the theory
Yes, at least in part. Scientific theories are often large in scope so sometimes a part of a theory can fail a test while other parts may remain unchallenged.
