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Physics Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What is Newton’s first law of motion

A

Every object will remain in a state of rest or motion until acted on by a net force.

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2
Q

What is Newton’s second law of motion

A

The force of an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration.

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3
Q

What is Newton’s third law of motion

A

When two objects interact, they apply forces to each other of equal magnitude and opposite direction.

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4
Q

What is displacement

A

distance from the original location.

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5
Q

What is distance

A

the total distance traveled from the original location.

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6
Q

What is velocity

A

speed and direction

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7
Q

What is speed

A

the rate at which an object is moving in.

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8
Q

What is a net force

A

The net force is the vector sum of all the forces that act upon an object.

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9
Q

What is a scalar quantity

A

A scalar quantity measures only magnitude. e.g, speed, distance, mass, etc

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10
Q

What is a vector quantity

A

A vector quantity measures magnitude and direction. e.g. displacement, velocity, acceleration.

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11
Q

What is a balanced force

A

it is when both forces in opposite directions have equal pressure on an object

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12
Q

What is an unbalanced force

A

It is when there is a larger and a lesser force in one of the opposing sides.

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13
Q

What is the instantaneous velocity

A

it’s the velocity in any point in time, the slope of a line in a graph can be the instantaneous velocity.

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14
Q

What is the difference between instantaneous velocity and instantaneous speed

A

Instantaneous speed will be the absolute value, while instantaneous velocity will have a negative or positive sign.

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15
Q

How to calculate momentum

A

p = m . v

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16
Q

What is the variable sign for momentum

A

p

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17
Q

What is the variable sign for force

A

F

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18
Q

State the law of conservation of momentum.

A

For two or more bodies in an isolated system acting upon each other, their total momentum remains constant unless an external force is applied. Therefore, momentum can neither be created nor destroyed.

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19
Q

What is a closed system

A

It’s a system where no outside forces are also affecting the members of the systems.

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20
Q

What is kinetic energy

A

the energy of an object in motion

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21
Q

What is an elastic collision

A

An elastic collision is an encounter between two bodies in which the total kinetic energy of the two bodies remains the same

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22
Q

What does FΔt=mΔv mean

A

This equation says that a force applied for an amount of time causes the momentum to change.

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23
Q

What does m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1 + m2)v mean

A

This equation works for a collision where two objects stick together.

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24
Q

How to calculate acceleration

25
What is work
work is the energy transferred to or from an object via the application of force along with a displacement.
26
How to calculate work
W = F . d
27
What does Force equal
F = w/d
28
What is power
the rate at which work is accomplished
29
How to calculate power
P = w/t
30
What is a machine
a device that changes the force used to do a given amount of work, and the distance over which the force is applied
31
How to decrease a given force to accomplish the same amount of work
increase the distance
32
What is an input force
the amount of force applied to a simple machine
33
What is an output force
the amount of force a simple machine applies to an object
34
What is a fulcrum
The fulcrum is the point on which the beam pivots
35
What is an inclined plane
simple machine consisting of a sloping surface, used for raising heavy bodies
36
What is a wedge
A wedge is a triangular-shaped tool and is a portable inclined plane. It can be used to separate two objects or portions of an object
37
What is a wheel and an axle
two cylinders of different sizes―the larger is the wheel, and the smaller is the axle―connected so that force applied to one causes the other to turn; a simple machine used to reduce the amount of force needed to rotate or move an object
38
What is a pulley
a grooved wheel in a fixed location that keeps a rope or cable in place as it moves through it; a simple machine used to lift objects by changing the direction of the force
39
What is compound machine
A compound machine is a machine that consists of more than one simple machine.
40
How to calculate kinetic energy
KE = ½mv2
41
What is potential energy
stored energy that is associated with the position of an object
42
What are the two forms of potential energy
elastic and gravitational
43
What is elastic potential energy
energy stored due to a change in shape in a material that tends to return to its original shape
44
What is gravitational potential energy
energy invested in an object by lifting it against the force of gravity
45
What is the equation for potential energy
PE=mgh
46
What does g mean
The acceleration due to gravity
47
What are mechanical waves
A mechanical wave is a wave that is not capable of transmitting its energy through a vacuum. Mechanical waves require a medium in order to transport their energy from one location to another
48
What is thermal energy
the total energy of any closed system, including all internal kinetic and potential energy of the system
49
How is temperature and kinetic energy of particles related?
At a higher temperature, the particles are warmer, and they will possess more kinetic energy.
50
What is heat
the transfer of thermal energy from one place to another
51
What is thermal equilibrium
when two or more elements of a closed physical system have the same thermal energy
52
What is the kinetic theory of heat
the theory that states that heat is the result of the movement of particles in a system
53
What is conduction
the movement of thermal energy by bodies or fluids that are in contact
54
What is radiation
thermal energy transmitted as waves
55
What is the first law of thermodynamics
it states that energy is always conserved, it cannot be created or destroyed.
56
What is the zeroth law of thermodynamics
if three objects are in thermal equilibrium. A=B=C | then A=C
57
What is entropy
it is a measure of the number of possible arrangements the atoms in a system can have. In this sense, entropy is a measure of uncertainty or randomness
58
What is the second law of thermodynamics
it states that entropy, which is often thought of as simple ‘disorder’, will always increase within a closed system.
59
What is the Third Law of Thermodynamics?
The Third Law states, “The entropy of a perfect crystal is zero when the temperature of the crystal is equal to absolute zero (0 K).”

Physical science (4 decks)

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