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Physics Flashcards

1
Q

Law of conservation of energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transferred from one store to another

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2
Q

Examples of energy conservation

A

A bat hitting a ball

Electric heater

Rollercoasters

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3
Q

What is energy measured in

A

Joules

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4
Q

Gravitational potential energy

A

Amount of energy an object has because of its position above the ground

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5
Q

Spring constant

A

Numerical value of the stiffness of the spring

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6
Q

Hooke’s law

A

The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied, provided that the limit of proportionality is not exceeded

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7
Q

Efficiency limits

A

No device can be more than 100% efficient because you cannot create energy

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8
Q

Thermal conductivity

A

The rate which an object transfers heat energy

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9
Q

Heat

A

Amount of energy stored in an object or substance

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10
Q

Infared radiation

A

A type of electromagnetic wave which transfers heat energy

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11
Q

A black body

A

Object that absorbs all of the radiation that hits it

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12
Q

Black body radiation

A

Radiation emitted by a perfect black body

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13
Q

Specific heat capacity

A

The energy needed to raise 1kg of material by 1 degree celsius °C

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14
Q

Which substance temperature increases quicker, oil or water

A

Oil

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15
Q

Factors of insulators

A

Poor conductors of heat (heat isn’t easily transferred away)

An insulator doesn’t transfer heat very well which means it stays where it is for longer

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16
Q

Where is natural gas found

A

In rock formations deep below the surface of the Earth

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17
Q

Advantages hydroelectric power

A

No pollution

Reliable

Dams are designed to last for many decades

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18
Q

Disadvantages hydroelectric power

A

Very expensive to build

Natural habitats destroyed

Must operate for decades before profitable

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19
Q

Wave power

A

A wave generator uses wave motion to make a generator move up and down

This turns the generator to generate electricity which is transferred to the shore via a cable

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20
Q

Tidal power advantages

A

No pollution

Infinite resource

Free energy resource

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21
Q

Disadvantages of tidal power

A

Cost of setup

Can disrupt sea life

Generation is for a short periods at tide peaks

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22
Q

Wave power advantages and disadvantages

A

Same as tidal wave

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23
Q

Similarities solar cells and solar heating panels

A

Both use solar energy from sun

Both can be used domestically

Unreliable depending on weather conditions

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24
Q

Differences solar cells and solar heating panels

A

Solar cells produce a current, solar heating panels heat water

Solar heating panels more efficient when using energy to heat water

Solar cells can connect to national grid solar heating panels can’t

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25
Renewable resources
Tidal Hydroelectric Solar Goethermal Wind Wave Biofuel
26
Non-renewable resources
Coal Oil Natural gas Nuclear
27
Order of what causes greenhouse gas emissions
Gas Oil Coal
28
Advantages nuclear power
No greenhouse gases Much more energy transferred from each kg uranium
29
Disadvantages nuclear power
Used fuel rods contain radioactive waste An explosion in a reactor could release radioactive material
30
Advantages renewable energy
Will never run out Don't produce greenhouse gases Don't create radioactive waste products
31
Disadvantages renewable energy
Some renewable resources are not available all time Some resources can be unreliable Wind turbines create noise that upset people nearby
32
Displacement
Distance without change in direction
33
Vector
Physical quantities with size and direction
34
Scalar
Physical quantities with size but no direction
35
Force
A push or a pull acting on an object due to interaction with another object
36
3 examples of contact forces
Friction Air resistance Tension
37
3 examples of non-contact forces
Gravitational Electrostatic Magnetic
38
3 examples of vector quantities
Velocity Displacement Force Acceleration Momentum
39
3 examples of scalar quantites
Temperature Time Mass Speed Distance Energy
40
Resultant force
A single force equivalent to all other forces acting on a given object
41
The conservation of momentum
Within some problem domain, the amount of momentum remains constant
42
Inertia
The tendency of an object to continue in its state of rest, or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force
43
Why the egg is less likely to break when dropped onto soft foam rather than onto a concrete floor
Soft foam absorbs impact better than concrete because it compresses upon impact Soft foam dissipates the kinetic energy of the falling egg over a longer period of time as it compresses Concrete does not dissipate the kinetic energy as effectively, leading to a more abrupt stop upon impact and a higher force exerted on the egg Soft foam provides a cushioning effect due to its flexibility, which helps to decelerate the egg gradually upon impact Soft foam made of materials which help mitigate force of impact
44
Explain the changing motion of the skydiver in terms of the forces acting on the skydiver
Gravity pulls the skydiver downwards As skydiver falls they accelerate due to the force of gravity As the skydiver's speed increases they encounter air resistance Force of air resistance becomes equal to force of gravity acting on skydiver leads to terminal velocity When skydiver deploys parachute air resistance increased
45
Explain why atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude
Most atmosphere's molecules held close to earth's surface by gravity
46
Lever
A rigid body capable of lifting a heavy load with a small effort
47
Acceleration
Its change of velocity per second
48
Weight
The force of gravity acting on an object
49
Terminal velocity
The maximum velocity that an object can travel in a fluid
50
Thinking distance
Distance travelled in between the driver realising he needs to brake and actually braking
51
Braking distance
The distance taken to stop once the brakes are applied
52
Momentum
A property of a moving object which depends on how much mass the object has and how fast it is moving
53
Compression
Caused by pushing forces This can be done by pushing the two ends of the spring together
54
Tension
An object that is being stretched experiences a tension force
55
Proportional
Where 2 quantities affect each other
56
What happens if spring pass its limit of proportionality
The spring extension will no longer be proportional to the load
57
Pressure
Force per unit area
58
Why a water dam has a thicker base than top
So water pressure is very large at the bottom due to its large depth
59
Upthrust
The upward force that a liquid or gas exerts on an object floating in it
60
Archimede's principle
An object totally or partially immersed in a fluid is subject to an upward force equal in magnitude to the weight of fluid it displaces
61
How does an object float
When its weight is equal to the upthrust provided by the fluid
62
When does an object sink
When its weight is greater than the upthrust provided by the fluid

Physics (5 decks)

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