Physics Flashcards
normal force
the force or the component of a force which a surface exerts
on an object it is in contact with, and which is perpendicular to the surface
frictional force
the force that opposes the motion of an object and which
acts parallel to the surface
static frictional force
the force that opposes the tendency of motion of a stationary object relative to a surface
kinetic frictional force
the force that opposes the motion of a moving object relative to a surface
Newton’s first law of motion
A body will remain in its state of rest or motion at constant velocity unless a non-zero resultant/net force acts on it
Newton’s second law of motion
When a net force acts on an object, the object will accelerate in the direction of the force and the acceleration is directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object
State Newton’s third law of motion
When object A exerts a force on object B, object B simultaneously exerts an oppositely directed force of equal magnitude on object A
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
Each body in the universe attracts every other body with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers
weight
the gravitational force the Earth exerts on any object on or near its surface
momentum
the product of an objects mass and its velocity
linear momentum
a vector quantity with the same direction of the velocity of the object
Newton’s Second Law in terms of momentum
The net force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of momentum of the object in the direction of the net force
impulse
the product of the net force acting on an object and the time it takes the net force to act on an object
the principle of conservation of linear momentum
The total linear momentum of an isolated system is conserved
projectile
an object which has been given an initial velocity and then it moves under the influence of the gravitational force only
free fall
motion during which the only force acting on an object is the gravitational force
work done on an object by a constant force
the product of the magnitude of the force, the magnitude of the displacement, and the angle between the force and the displacement
Work-energy theorem
The work done on an object by a net force is equal to the change in an object’s kinetic energy
conservative force
a force for which the work done in moving an object between two points is independent of the path taken. gravitational force, the elastic force in a spring and electrostatic forces
non-conservative force
a force for which the work done in moving an object between two points depends on the path taken. frictional force, air resistance, tension in a chord
the principle of conservation of mechanical energy
The total mechanical energy in an isolated system remains constant
power
the rate at which work is done or energy is expended
The doppler effect
the change in frequency/pitch of the sound detected by the listener, because the sound source and the listener have different velocities relative to the medium of sound propagation
Coloumb’s Law
the magnitude of the electrostatic force exerted by one point charge on another point charge is directly proportional to the product of the magnitude of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
