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3rd Quarter > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

What does work refer to in physics?

A

The force required to move an object a certain displacement

Work can be parallel to the displacement or at an angle.

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2
Q

What is the formula for calculating work?

A

W = F * d * cos(θ)

Where W is work, F is force, d is displacement, and θ is the angle from the horizontal.

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3
Q

What is the unit of work?

A

Joule (J)

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4
Q

Is work a scalar or vector quantity?

A

Scalar quantity

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5
Q

When is work considered positive?

A

When it causes displacement to an object

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6
Q

When is work considered negative?

A

When the object exerts work in the opposite direction

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7
Q

What is energy in the context of physics?

A

The capacity or capability of an object to do work

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8
Q

What unit is used for energy?

A

Joule (J)

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9
Q

What are the two types of energy?

A
  • Kinetic energy
  • Potential energy
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10
Q

What is potential energy (PE)?

A

The stored energy in an object

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11
Q

What determines potential energy?

A

An object’s position, properties, and the forces acting upon it

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12
Q

What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?

A

PE = m * g * h

Where m is the mass, g is gravity, and h is height.

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13
Q

What does kinetic energy (KE) refer to?

A

The energy used in motion

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14
Q

What is the formula for kinetic energy?

A

KE = 0.5 * m * v²

Where m is mass and v is velocity.

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15
Q

What does the Work-Energy Theorem state?

A

The total net work of a system is equal to the change of kinetic energy

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16
Q

What is mechanical energy (ME)?

A

The sum of the total potential energy and kinetic energy

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17
Q

What is the formula for mechanical energy?

A

ME = PE + KE

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18
Q

What is power in physics?

A

The rate at which work is done

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19
Q

What is the formula for power?

A

P = W/t

Where P is power, W is work, and t is time.

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20
Q

What is the unit for power?

A

Watt (W)

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21
Q

How many watts are in one horsepower?

A

746 W

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22
Q

What are fluids in physics?

A

States of matter that can flow, including liquids and gases

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23
Q

What does density (ρ) refer to?

A

The quantity in a given amount of space

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24
Q

What is the formula for density?

A

ρ = m/V

Where ρ is density, m is mass, and V is volume.

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25
What is relative density or specific gravity?
The ratio of the density of a substance compared to the density of water
26
What does pressure refer to?
The force exerted perpendicular to a surface
27
What is the SI unit of pressure?
Pascal (Pa)
28
What are the three types of pressure?
* Static pressure * Atmospheric pressure * Gauge pressure
29
What is static pressure?
The pressure the fluid exerts at rest
30
What is atmospheric pressure?
The total force exerted by the weight of the air against a surface
31
What is gauge pressure?
The pressure relative to atmospheric pressure
32
What does Pascal's Principle state?
When pressure increases at any point in a confined fluid, every other point will increase the same amount
33
What is buoyant force?
The net upward force a fluid exerts on an object
34
What does Archimedes’ Principle state?
An object submerged in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object
35
What is the principle of floatation?
For an object to float, the buoyant force must be greater than or equal to the object's weight
36
What is fluid energy?
The energy carried by the fluid
37
What is steady flow?
The velocity of the fluid at any given point does not change with time
38
What is unsteady flow?
The velocity changes with time
39
What is laminar flow?
Smooth, parallel layers of fluid with minimal disruption between them
40
What is turbulent flow?
Chaotic, irregular fluctuations and mixing in the fluid
41
What is an ideal fluid?
An incompressible, inviscid fluid that follows a laminar flow
42
What does the continuity equation state?
The speed of fluid flow depends on the cross-sectional area
43
What does Bernoulli’s Principle state?
As the pressure of a fluid increases, the velocity decreases
44
What is Torricelli’s Law?
The speed of efflux of a fluid through a hole is given by v = √(2gh)
45
What does the Venturi Effect describe?
The reduction in fluid pressure when a fluid flows through a constricted section of a pipe
46
What is heat in physics?
The total kinetic and potential energy in an object
47
What is the SI unit of heat?
Joule (J)
48
What is temperature a measure of?
The average kinetic energy of all parts in an object
49
List the three types of heat transfer.
* Conduction * Convection * Radiation
50
What is conduction?
Heat transfer within solids due to molecular collision
51
What is convection?
Heat transfer within fluids through currents
52
What is radiation?
Heat transfer via electromagnetic waves
53
What does specific heat capacity refer to?
The energy required to change the temperature of a substance
54
What is latent heat?
The heat needed for a substance to undergo phase change without a change in temperature
55
What does thermal expansion refer to?
The change in measurement of an object when the temperature changes
56
What are the three classifications of systems in thermodynamics?
* Open * Closed * Isolated
57
What does the Zeroth Law of thermodynamics state?
If A is in thermal equilibrium with B, and B is in thermal equilibrium with C, then A is in thermal equilibrium with C
58
What is the First Law of thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed
59
What does the Second Law of thermodynamics state?
Heat flows naturally from hot objects to cold objects, never the reverse
60
What is entropy?
A measure of a system's disorder
61
What does the Third Law of thermodynamics state?
It is impossible to obtain absolute zero
62
What is a wave?
A traveling disturbance that carries energy from one place to another
63
What are the two main types of waves?
* Mechanical waves * Electromagnetic waves
64
What is a mechanical wave?
A wave that requires a medium to travel
65
What is a transverse wave?
A wave that travels perpendicular to the direction of motion
66
What is a longitudinal wave?
A wave that travels parallel to the direction of movement
67
What are the parts of a transverse wave?
* Equilibrium position * Crest * Trough * Amplitude * Wavelength
68
What is reflection in wave behavior?
When waves bounce back after striking a barrier
69
What is refraction?
When waves bend due to a change in velocity as they pass obliquely from one medium to another
70
What is diffraction?
The property of a wave to travel around the edges of a barrier or through an opening
71
What is interference in wave behavior?
When two waves interact as they pass through the same medium
72
What is a standing wave?
A combination of two waves moving in opposite directions with the same amplitude and frequency

3rd Quarter (3 decks)

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