Physics Flashcards
(28 cards)
Isaac Newton
Isaac Newton was a 17th-century English scientist who found the laws of motion and gravitation
Principia
The Principia was Isaac Newton’s 1687 work that laid out the laws of motion and universal gravitation, forming the foundation of classical physics.
Acceleration
A=vf-v1/tf-ti is the rate at which an object’s velocity changes over time.
Inertia
Newton’s first law- an object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion
Force
Force is an interaction that changes the motion of an object or causes deformation. F= M*A
Mass
Mass tells you how much “stuff” is in an object and how strongly it resists being moved or accelerated. M= f/a
Weight
Weight is how strongly gravity pulls on an object — it depends on both the object’s mass and the gravitational field it’s in. W=m⋅g
Momentum
Momentum measures how hard it is to stop a moving object — the more momentum, the harder it is to stop. p=m⋅v
Velocity
Velocity specifies how fast an object moves in a particular direction. Unlike speed, which only measures how fast, velocity also indicates the direction of motion. v=d/t
Speed
Speed is the rate at which distance is covered over time — it’s a scalar quantity (only magnitude, no direction). Speed=Distance/Time
Newton
Newton’s (unit of measure)- A newton is the force needed to accelerate a 1 kg mass by 1 m/s²
Gravity
Gravity is the force that attracts two bodies toward each other. On Earth, it gives weight to physical objects and causes them to fall toward the ground when dropped.
Scalar
A scalar is a physical quantity that has only magnitude and no direction.
Vector
A vector is a physical quantity that is fully described by both a magnitude and a direction
Work
Work is done when a force acts on an object, causing it to move in the direction of the force. The amount of work is calculated by multiplying the force applied by the distance over which the force is applied, considering only the component of the force in the direction of the displacement. W=F⋅d
Direct Proportion
Two quantities xxx and yyy are directly proportional if their ratio remains constant. This means that as xxx increases, yyy increases at the same rate, and as xxx decreases, yyy decreases at the same rate. y=k⋅x
Inverse Proportion
Two quantities are inversely proportional if their product is always constant. When one value increases, the other decreases in proportion, and vice versa. x⋅y=k
Power
Power is how fast work is done or how quickly energy is used. p = w/t
Wedge
A wedge is a simple machine made of two inclined planes joined back-to-back, used to increase force to split or push objects apart. Ex- Axe Knife blade, Chisel, Nail, Doorstop
Friction
Friction is the resistive force that acts against motion between two surfaces in contact.
Mechanical Advantage
Mechanical advantage is the ratio of output force to input force. It tells you how much a machine increases your ability to do work. MA= output force/input force
Inclined Plane
An inclined plane is a sloped surface that reduces the effort needed to lift objects by increasing the distance over which the force is applied. MA=Length of the Slope/height
Screw
A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder. It allows a small rotational force to be turned into a larger pushing or pulling force. The threads are an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder.
Wheel & Axle-
A wheel and axle system is a rotary machine where turning the larger wheel causes the smaller axle to rotate, and vice versa. It helps reduce friction and makes movement more efficient. cars, gears, doorknobs, winches, and cranes.
