Physics

Question 1

What unit is used to measure angles in waves?

Answer 1

Degree (°).

Question 2

What is the unit for measuring frequency?

Answer 2

Hertz (Hz).

Question 3

What does the unit ‘hertz’ represent?

Answer 3

The number of waves passing a point per second.

Question 4

What is the unit for measuring length or distance in waves?

Answer 4

Metre (m).

Question 5

What unit is used to measure wave speed?

Answer 5

Metre per second (m/s).

Question 6

What is the unit for measuring time in wave calculations?

Answer 6

Second (s).

Question 7

How do particles oscillate in a longitudinal wave relative to the direction of energy transfer?

Answer 7

Particles oscillate parallel to the direction of energy transfer.

Question 8

How do particles oscillate in a transverse wave relative to the direction of energy transfer?

Answer 8

Particles oscillate perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer.

Question 9

What is amplitude in a wave?

Answer 9

The maximum displacement of the particles from their rest position.

Question 10

What is a wavefront?

Answer 10

A line or surface representing points in phase on a wave.

Question 11

How is frequency defined?

Answer 11

The number of complete waves passing a point each second.

Question 12

What is the wavelength of a wave?

Answer 12

The distance between two successive points in phase (e.g.

Question 13

What is the period of a wave?

Answer 13

The time taken for one complete wave cycle to pass a point.

Question 14

Do waves transfer matter?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

What is the formula that relates wave speed, frequency, and wavelength?

Answer 15

Wave speed = frequency × wavelength

Question 16

What does wave speed represent?

Answer 16

The distance a wave travels per second.

Question 17

How do you calculate frequency from time period?

Answer 17

Frequency = 1 ÷ time period.

Question 18

What does time period measure in waves?

Answer 18

The time for one complete wave cycle.

Question 19

What is the frequency range that humans can hear?

Answer 19

From 20 Hz to 20000 HZ

Question 20

How can the speed of sound in air be measured?

Answer 20

By timing how long sound takes to travel a known distance and dividing distance by time.

Question 21

What instrument can display a sound wave visually?

Answer 21

An oscilloscope.

Question 22

What role does a microphone play with an oscilloscope?

Answer 22

It converts sound waves into electrical signals for the oscilloscope to display.

Question 23

How does the pitch of a sound relate to frequency?

Answer 23

The pitch increases as the frequency increases.

Question 24

What does the loudness of a sound depend on?

Answer 24

The amplitude of vibration.

Question 25

What are insulators?

Answer 25

Materials that do not allow electric current to flow easily.

Question 26

What are conductors?

Answer 26

Materials that allow electric current to flow easily.

Question 27

What is electric current?

Answer 27

The rate of flow of charge.

Question 28

What is the formula relating charge, current, and time?

Answer 28

Charge = current × time.

Question 29

What flows as electric current in solid metallic conductors?

Answer 29

Negatively charged electrons.

Question 30

Name some common electrical conductors.

Answer 30

Metals.

Question 31

Name some common electrical insulators.

Answer 31

Plastics.

Question 32

How can insulating materials be charged?

Answer 32

By friction.

Question 33

How are positive and negative electrostatic charges produced on materials?

Answer 33

By loss and gain of electrons.

Question 34

What kind of force acts between unlike charges?

Answer 34

Forces of attraction.

Question 35

What kind of force acts between like charges?

Answer 35

Forces of repulsion.

Question 36

What causes electrostatic phenomena?

Answer 36

The movement of electrons.

Question 37

Why are electrostatic charges potentially dangerous during fuelling?

Answer 37

They can cause sparks which might ignite fuel vapors.

Question 38

Give two uses of electrostatic charges.

Answer 38

Photocopiers and inkjet printers.

Question 39

What is electric current?

Answer 39

The flow of electric charge.

Question 40

What are some safety features used in domestic appliances?

Answer 40

Insulation

Question 41

How is electrical heating used in the home?

Answer 41

Current in a resistor causes electrical energy to transfer to heat energy.

Question 42

What type of current is mains electricity?

Answer 42

Alternating current (a.c.).

Question 43

What type of current do cells and batteries supply?

Answer 43

Direct current (d.c.).

Question 44

What devices can indicate the presence of current in a circuit?

Answer 44

Lamps and LEDs.

Question 45

What is gravitational field strength (g)?

Answer 45

The force per unit mass exerted by gravity.

Question 46

Is gravitational field strength the same on all planets?

Answer 46

No

Question 47

What is the formula for weight?

Answer 47

Weight = mass × gravitational field strength.

Question 48

What causes planets to orbit the sun?

Answer 48

Gravitational force.

Question 49

What causes the moon and artificial satellites to orbit the Earth?

Answer 49

Gravitational force.

Question 50

What causes comets to orbit the sun?

Answer 50

Gravitational force.

Question 51

What is the formula for orbital speed?

Answer 51

Orbital speed = (2 × π × orbital radius) ÷ time period.

Question 52

How does the orbit of a comet differ from that of a planet or moon?

Answer 52

A comet’s orbit is elliptical and more elongated.

Question 53

What is a galaxy?

Answer 53

A large collection of billions of stars.

Question 54

What is the solar system part of?

Answer 54

The Milky Way galaxy.

Question 55

What is the universe?

Answer 55

A large collection of billions of galaxies.

Question 56

What effects can forces have on bodies?

Answer 56

Changes in speed

Question 57

Name some types of forces.

Answer 57

Gravitational

Question 58

What is a vector quantity?

Answer 58

A quantity with both magnitude and direction.

Question 59

What is a scalar quantity?

Answer 59

A quantity with magnitude only.

Question 60

What does friction do?

Answer 60

Opposes motion.

Question 61

Name the units used in motion and forces.

Answer 61

meters per second (m/s) for speed, meters per second squared (m/s²) for acceleration, and Newtons (N) for force.

Question 62

What does a distance-time graph show?

Answer 62

How distance changes over time.

Question 63

What is acceleration?

Answer 63

The rate of change of velocity.

Question 64

What is the formula for acceleration?

Answer 64

Acceleration = change in velocity ÷ time taken.

Question 65

How do you calculate average speed?

Answer 65

Average speed = distance moved ÷ time taken.

Question 66

How is acceleration determined from a velocity-time graph?

Answer 66

From the gradient (slope) of the graph.

Question 67

How is distance travelled determined from a velocity-time graph?

Answer 67

From the area between the graph and the time axis.

Question 68

What do magnets do to other magnets?

Answer 68

They attract or repel.

Question 69

What do magnets do to magnetic substances?

Answer 69

They attract them.

Question 70

What are magnetically hard materials?

Answer 70

Materials that retain their magnetism even after an external magnetic field is removed

Question 71

What are magnetically soft materials?

Answer 71

Substances that can be easily magnetized and demagnetized, meaning they rapidly respond to changes in an external magnetic field.

Question 72

What is a magnetic field line?

Answer 72

A line showing the direction of the magnetic field.

Question 73

What happens when some materials are placed in a magnetic field?

Answer 73

They become magnetized (magnetism is induced).

Question 74

How can you find the magnetic field pattern around a bar magnet?

Answer 74

By using iron filings or a compass.

Question 75

How do two permanent magnets produce a uniform magnetic field?

Answer 75

By placing them with opposite poles facing each other.

Question 76

What does an electric current in a conductor produce?

Answer 76

A magnetic field around it.

Question 77

What is an electromagnet?

Answer 77

A magnet created by an electric current flowing through a coil of wire.

Question 78

How do magnetic field patterns differ for a straight wire

Answer 78

The magnetic field around a straight, current-carrying wire is circular and concentric around the wire, with the field lines wrapping around it.

Question 79

Name some energy stores.

Answer 79

Chemical

Question 80

Name some ways energy can be transferred.

Answer 80

Mechanically

Question 81

What is the principle of conservation of energy?

Answer 81

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Question 82

What is efficiency?

Answer 82

Efficiency = (useful energy output ÷ total energy input) × 100%.

Question 83

What does a Sankey diagram show?

Answer 83

The energy transfers and losses in a system.

Question 84

Name some renewable energy resources.

Answer 84

Wind

Question 85

Name some non-renewable energy resources.

Answer 85

Fossil fuels

Question 86

What are some advantages of renewable energy?

Answer 86

They reduce greenhouse gas emissions and are sustainable.

Question 87

What are some disadvantages of renewable energy?

Answer 87

Intermittency and sometimes high initial costs.