physics

Question 1

matter

Answer 1

anything that occupies space and has shape or form

Question 2

mass

Answer 2

the quantity of matter that makes up any physical object

Question 3

law of conservation

Answer 3

matter can neither be destroyed or created but can change form

Question 4

all matter is made up of building blocks called

Answer 4

atoms

Question 5

what are the three fundamental components of an atom

Answer 5

neutrons, electrons, protons

Question 6

what kind of charge does a proton have

Answer 6

positive

Question 7

what kind of charge does a neutron have

Answer 7

no charge ; neutral

Question 8

what kind of charge does a electron have

Answer 8

negative

Question 9

what makes up the nucleus of the atom

Answer 9

neutrons and protons

Question 10

true or false : do electrons orbit around the atom

Answer 10

true

Question 11

def energy

Answer 11

the ability to do work

Question 12

potential energy

Answer 12

stored energy

Question 13

kinetic energy

Answer 13

energy in motion

Question 14

wavelength

Answer 14

distance is from crest to crest

Question 15

amplitude

Answer 15

distance from crest to trough

Question 16

frequency

Answer 16

the number of crests or troughs that pass a fixed point during a unit of time

Question 17

what are some characteristics

Answer 17

have no mass, are highly penetrating and invisible, are electrically neutral, are poly energetic and heterogeneous, travel is straight lines at the speed of light, can ionize matter, cannot be focused with a lens, produce biological changes in tissues, produce secondary and scatter radiation

Question 18

resistance

Answer 18

any property in the circuit that hinders the flow of current ; the ohm is the unit of electrical resistance ; material of conductor, length of conductor, diameter of conductor

Question 19

current

Answer 19

the quantity of electrons flowing in a circuit ; ampere is the unit used to measure the rate

Question 20

potential difference

Answer 20

is the force or speed of the electron flow in the current ; volt is the unit used to measure potential difference

Question 21

parallel circuit

Answer 21

each component has its own direct path to both the negative and positive sides of the circuit

Question 22

series circuit

Answer 22

the path of electrons from negative to the positive side goes through all the electrical components of the circuit

Question 23

circuit breaker

Answer 23

any electrical device that will prevent equipment damage if the current gets too high by cutting off the electrical supply to the circuit

Question 24

preset timers electric timers

Answer 24

impulse precise to the millisecond, used to rapid film production

Question 25

preset timers electronic timer

Answer 25

used to control add terminate time when the correct mAs has been reached

Question 26

electromagnetic induction

Answer 26

magnetic fields and electric energy are interrelated ; electricity is produced when a magnet is moved around a conductor or a conductor is moved around a magnet.

Question 27

AC can be converted so that is flows none direction only, through a process called

Answer 27

rectification

Question 28

true or false : magnetic fields can produce electricity

Answer 28

true

Question 29

true or false : electric currents create magnetic fields

Answer 29

true

Question 30

step up transformer

Answer 30

has more windings on the secondary side ; used to increase the volts to kilovolts

Question 31

step down transformer

Answer 31

has fewer windings on the secondary side ; used to reduce the voltage

Question 32

what are the 4 things you need to produce x-rays

Answer 32

vacuum, source of electrons, target, high potential difference

Question 33

anode

Answer 33

positive end of the tube, the target is located at the anode

Question 34

cathode

Answer 34

negative end of tube, the filament is part of the cathode

Question 35

pyrex tube

Answer 35

has has the air removed so that it is nearly perfect vacuum

Question 36

thermionic emission

Answer 36

as the tungsten filament is heated. electrons in the tungsten atoms orbits spin faster, moving farther away from the nucleus. electrons in outer orbits are flung out of the atoms, forming an electron cloud or space charge ; this space charge provides the electron source for the x-ray production

Question 37

quantity

Answer 37

mAs = controls the number of electrons produced = blackening on the film

Question 38

quality

Answer 38

kilovoltage = force applied to move electrons across tube from cathode to anode

Question 39

the energy of the electron stream is converted at the anode into heat, how much is converted into heat and into x-rays

Answer 39

99% becomes heat ; 1% becomes x-rays

Question 40

bremsstrahlung radiation

Answer 40

is created when an incoming electron slows down suddenly near the nucleus of the tungsten atom and abruptly changes direction ; the energy created by slowing down and changing direction results in the creation of an x-ray beam

Question 41

below 70 kvp what percent is brems interaction

Answer 41

100%

Question 42

above 70 kV what percent is brems interaction

Answer 42

85%

Question 43

characteristic radiation

Answer 43

an incoming electron removes an inner orbital electron from the tungsten atom, creating a hole in the k-shell ; when an outer shell electron drops to the fill the hole a characteristics photon is emitted

Question 44

below 70 kV what percent is characteristics radiation

Answer 44

0%

Question 45

above 70 kV what percent is characteristic radiation

Answer 45

15%

Question 46

what are the two types of anodes

Answer 46

stationary, rotating

Question 47

how fast can a rotating anode spin

Answer 47

standard speed - 3,6000 RPM | high speed - 10,000 RPM

Question 48

what is the most common target angle

Answer 48

12 degrees

Question 49

line focus principle

Answer 49

effective focal spot is the vertical projection of the actual or true focal spot

Question 50

anode heel effect

Answer 50

the intensity of the x-ray beam is least towards the anode end of the field and greater towards the cathode

Question 51

low kV

Answer 51

high contrast

Question 52

high kV

Answer 52

low contrast

Question 53

mA

Answer 53

measures the number of electrons across the tube each second ; the number of electrons in the space charge is controlled by the mA

Question 54

filtration

Answer 54

placed in the housing of the tube to further reduce the longer, waker wavelength radiation. removes unwanted soft x-rays

Question 55

what is the required minimum filtration for a machine that runs above 70 kV

Answer 55

2.5 al eq

Question 56

inherent filtration

Answer 56

glass tube and oil 0.5mm